A GUIDE TO BOOKS ABOUT GILBERT,

by Andrew Crowther.

(Revised and updated: February 2002)

This is an extensively revised version of the list which has been on this site since waaaay back when (1997? 1998?). I have checked availability of these books against Amazon.com and Amazon.co.uk. I don't pretend this to be an exhaustive list, and there may be errors though I have tried to be as accurate as possible; it is simply a personal list of what I consider to be the most "important" or interesting books on Gilbert. UK or US at the beginning of an entry indicates that the book is in print in that country; this is a guide and should not be taken as definitive. A number of out-of-print books have been included (marked OOP) because they are too important to be ignored. But please note that a book which is nominally "out-of-print" may still be readily available on the Net. Isn't technology wonderful?

The list is in three sections:
Recent Books of Gilbertian Interest brings together a number of important books from the past five years, which did not appear on the previous version of this list.
Books by Gilbert is self-explanatory.
So is Books About Gilbert.

--Andrew Crowther, February 2002.

Recent Books of Gilbertian Interest.

(UK) Burgess, A.J. The Notary and Other Lawyers in Gilbert and Sullivan. Hadleigh, Suffolk: Jardine Press, 1997. hbk: £45 incl. p&p. 0 9525594 1 2.
This is an extremely eccentric book, physically large and unwieldy. The first 197 pages consist of meandering thoughts and reminiscences by Mr Burgess. The remainder (the book is 575 pages long!) is taken up with lengthy appendices, including complete texts of these Gilbert plays: Topsyturvydom, Dulcamara, The Happy Land, Tom Cobb, and Charity--also the short story "An Elixir of Love", with all the original "Bab" illustrations. As such it is a valuable addition to the Gilbert shelf--if you can find one big enough!

(UK/US) Crowther, Andrew. Contradiction Contradicted: the Plays of W.S. Gilbert. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 2000. hbk: £30/$39.50. 0 8386 3839 2.
As I wrote this, I won't comment in detail. But it is a literary-critical study of Gilbert's plays.

(UK/US) Gilbert and Sullivan's Christmas, ed. John van der Kiste. Stroud: Sutton Publishing, 2000. hbk: £9.99/$17.95. 0 7509 2265 6.
This is an anthology of passages relating to Gilbert and Sullivan (sometimes tenuously) and Christmas. Its importance to us is that it reprints several rare Gilbert articles: "Getting Up a Pantomime", "A Consistent Pantomime", and "My Pantomime". The first two are illustrated by "Bab".

(UK) Gilbertiana: Selections from the Works of W.S. Gilbert, ed. Andrew Crowther. Halifax: Musical Collectables, 1999. pbk: £7.50 & £2.75 p&p.
This book is only available directly from Musical Collectables (click here for details of how to order). It includes brief passages from a wide range of Gilbert's works, and the complete text of Gilbert's Topseyturveydom. There is a lengthy Introduction and a horrible photograph of the editor.

(UK/US) London Assurance and other Victorian Comedies, ed. Klaus Stierstorfer. Oxford University Press, 2001. pbk: £7.99/$13.95. 0 19 283296 4.
Contains a new edition of Gilbert's great comedy Engaged, including two cut passages (not world-shaking). Herr Stierstorfer has some intelligent commentary on the play in his Introduction.

(UK) Stedman, Jane W. W.S. Gilbert's Theatrical Criticism. London: The Society for Theatre Research, 2000. £15. 085430 068 6.
An invaluable new study of a neglected aspect of Gilbert's early work. Stedman examines in some detail the parody reviews of current plays which Gilbert wrote for the comic paper Fun. The best of these are among his best early work. There are some problems of presentation and proof-reading, but its good qualities far outweigh its drawbacks. It can be ordered from Amazon.co.uk, or direct from the Society for Theatre Research, c/o The Theatre Museum, 1e Tavistock Street, London WC2E 7PA.

(UK/US) Wren, Gayden. A Most Ingenious Paradox: The Art of Gilbert and Sullivan. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001. hbk: £25/$35. 0-19-514514-3.
This is a "controversial" book. It claims to be "the first in fifty years to concentrate on the operas themselves rather than on biography or performance history" (What of Alan Fischler's Modified Rapture?) It analyses the operas, arguing the case for various thematic resonances, and at its best this is very thought-provoking and not to be dismissed. But the book is laughable from an academic point of view. The footnotes commonly direct the reader to secondary sources such as Leslie Baily and Caryl Brahms (!) without any attempt to find the quotation's real origin. He often displays a disgraceful ignorance, as when he asserts (p131) that the now-used Overture to Ruddigore is by Sullivan (p131)--actually it was written round about 1920 by Geoffrey Toye. This book would have been much better for constructive criticism from G&S authorities; the arrogance with which Wren makes some of his assertions would be less annoying if his ground knowledge were firmer. But despite its major faults, the book has much to offer.

Books by Gilbert.

(OOP) The Bab Ballads, ed. James Ellis. Belknap Press, 1980: pbk, 0 674 05801 1
This is the definitive edition of the Ballads, covering all Gilbert's light verse written for publication, with one or two minor exceptions. Includes an excellent introduction, informative notes, and (of course) all the original "Bab" illustrations.

(US) The Bab Ballads, with which are included Songs of a Savoyard. Reprint Service, 1992: $129 (!), 0 7812 7532 6
This edition of the Bab Ballads (first published in 1898) includes only those which Gilbert decided to collect in volume form (unlike the complete edition, edited by Ellis). It also replaces many of the original illustrations with Gilbert's much later "second thoughts", which are generally much milder in look and much less memorable. The Songs of a Savoyard consist of Gilbert's most well-known lyrics, mainly from the G&S operas, though one or two lyrics from The Mountebanks and His Excellency are also included; these also are illustrated in Gilbert's later, weaker style.

(UK/US) The Bab Ballads (audiobook; read by Jim Broadbent).
Faber/Penguin Audiobooks, 2000: £8.99, 0 14 180178 6
Dover Books Audio, 2000: $18.00, 0787 124974
Eccentrically, this is the only modern edition of the Ballads "in print" (if that's the right term for audio cassettes). It is of course only a selection, of 31 ballads, including some not very obvious choices such as the very early "To My Absent Husband". Broadbent's reading of the Ballads is superb, as one would expect. He uses a range of different Voices (including, I'm sure, an impersonation of Gielgud). In the case of "A Bad Night of It" he makes a mediocre Gilbert poem sound wonderful.

(UK/US) The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan, ed. Ian Bradley. Oxford University Press, 1996: hbk, £25.00/$49.95, 0 19 816503 X ; pbk, £17.99, 0 198167105
Contains the texts of all the G&S operas, except Thespis. The annotations cover not only explanations of obscure references, but also transcriptions of variant readings, cut passages, etc. Many of these are fascinating, telling us much about the way Gilbert's creative imagination worked. Bradley's approach is, by his own admission, not academic, and this book contains some oddities and factual errors. But, on the whole, a highly worthwhile work.

(UK/US) The Complete Plays of Gilbert and Sullivan. W.W. Norton, 1980:
UK pbk, £11.95, 0 393 00828 2
US pbk, $15.00, 03933 16882
Contains the texts of all the G&S operas, including Thespis. An additional advantage is the inclusion of Gilbert's illustrations for many of the songs.

(OOP) Foggerty's Fairy and Other Tales. London: Routledge, 1890.
A collection of Gilbert's short stories and articles. Worth buying for his article "A Stage Play" alone. Very difficult to find, however: my own copy came into my hands by a slice of outrageous luck.

(OOP) Gilbert Before Sullivan, ed. Jane W. Stedman. University of Chicago Press, 1967.
A superb, groundbreaking collection of six early musical plays by Gilbert, including the celebrated Ages Ago and the less well-known, but much funnier, A Sensation Novel. Every one of these pieces is highly enjoyable proof that Gilbert's genius did not begin and end with G&S. The wit, intelligence, extravagance and effortless invention apparent in these works are astonishing. Stedman provides an excellent introduction.

(UK) The Lost Stories of W.S. Gilbert, ed. Peter Haining. Robson Books:
1982: hbk £7.95, 0 86051 200 2
1985: pbk £4.50, 0 86051 337 8
The texts of the stories themselves are excellent: included are such pieces as "An Elixir of Love", which Gilbert adapted to create The Sorcerer, and other comic and melodramatic stories. Haining's introduction is almost a textbook example of how not to write about Gilbert. Much of what he says is an unashamed warming-up of very old opinions. His statements about the sources of the stories are often wildly inaccurate: for instance he says that the story "The Finger of Fate" was published in Routledge's Annual for 1890, whereas it was actually first published in Hood's Comic Annual, 1872.

(OOP) Original Plays by W.S. Gilbert [in four volumes ("series")]. London: Chatto & Windus.
These volumes contain the "authorised" texts of the majority of Gilbert's plays. They regularly appear in British second-hand bookshops, usually costing no more than two or three pounds per volume; they originally appeared, a volume at a time, over a period from 1875 to 1911, and were reprinted several times into the 1930s. They contain forty of Gilbert's most important plays, including the G&S libretti, and while some of the proofreading leaves something to be desired (The Mikado omits the Little List!) no better collection of Gilbert's plays has ever been made. They are the indispensable backbone to the avid Gilbertian's collection.

(OOP) Plays by W.S. Gilbert, ed. George Rowell. Cambridge University Press, 1982: 0 521 23589 8
A good selection of Gilbert's non-Sullivan plays, including the superbly silly libretto Princess Toto, and the non-Sullivan masterpiece Engaged. Rowell's introduction provides an excellent overview of Gilbert's theatrical achievement.

(UK) The Realm of Joy, ed. Terence Rees. Privately printed, 1969: pbk, £3.50, 0 950 01081 2
This is a minor, but highly entertaining, squib by Gilbert - ostensibly a translation of a French farce, but actually freely adapted so as to apply to a controversy over stage censorship in which Gilbert was heavily involved at the time. Rees's introduction is very informative about the play's background.

(UK) The Story of H.M.S. Pinafore. Halifax: Musical Collectables, 2000? Order code PPB/47; £4.99 plus p&p.
First published in 1908. Though it is nominally a children's retelling of the opera, adults will probably enjoy it much more. It is, of course, Gilbert's own retelling, and contains many characteristic touches; it is great fun.

(UK) The Story of The Mikado. Halifax: Musical Collectables, 1998. Order code TMB/48; £4.99 plus p&p.
First published in 1921. The same comments apply as for The Pinafore Picture Book, though it is not, to my mind, quite as funny.

(UK) Uncle Baby, ed. Terence Rees. Privately printed, 1968: pbk, £3.50, 0 9500108 0 4
Gilbert's first play, a short melodramatic "comedietta". More interesting historically than as a work of drama. Again, Rees contributes a good introduction.

Books About W.S. Gilbert.

(OOP) Baily, Leslie. The Gilbert and Sullivan Book. London: Cassell & Co. Ltd., 1952.
The standard general work on G&S: well illustrated and written in a very lively style, though sometimes more "creative" in its information than one would ideally wish. The lure of a Good Story, or lazy research pure and simple, takes Baily beyond the realms of factual accuracy on occasion, marring what is otherwise an excellent starting point for learning about the subject.

(OOP) Browne, Edith A. W.S. Gilbert. [Stars of the Stage.] London & New York: John Lane, 1907.
The first full-length work on Gilbert, the result of a number of interviews with him, and proofread by him. Edith Browne's opinions are sometimes ludicrously "of their time": her comment on the last page that "Universal Peace is fast becoming a universal ideal" is oddly affecting, given the date. Discursively written, but worth getting if you can. Copies are difficult to find, unfortunately.

(UK) Cox-Ife, William. W.S. Gilbert: Stage Director. Dobson, 1978: £9.95, 0 234 77206 9
Not the definitive work one might hope for, but contains some good information about Gilbert as director of the Savoy operas (little space is given to his other plays), and some advice about new productions, by a former Musical Director of the D'Oyly Carte.

(US) Dark, Sidney, and Grey, Rowland. W.S. Gilbert: His Life and Letters. Blom Pubns UK: Ayer, 1978: $23.95, 0 405 08430 7.
Originally published 1923. This is not so much an account of his life as a series of impressions, a jumble of letters and anecdotage without much sense of organisation. However, it includes many of Gilbert's most entertaining letters, and the authors' determination to see Gilbert's best side is an excellent corrective to David Eden.

(UK/US) Dillard, Phil (ed.) How Quaint the Ways of Paradox!: an annotated Gilbert and Sullivan bibliography. Scarecrow Press, 1991: hbk, £22.50/$35.00, 0 8108 2445 0
An excellent source book for material about G&S, though by necessity not comprehensive.

(UK) Eden, David. Gilbert and Sullivan: The Creative Conflict. Associated University Presses, 1986: hbk, £27.00, 0 8386 3282 3
Despite the title, this is primarily a book about Gilbert: Sullivan is discussed in depth in only one of the chapters. Eden contends that Gilbert's personality was arrested at an early stage of development, that he was sado-masochistic at the infantile level. You will not be surprised that I disagree. It seems to me that Eden bases his argument on a frequent misuse of evidence. By refusing to acknowledge the positive facets of Gilbert's character, Eden is able to present him to us as a monster, a grotesque caricature. Gilbert was very far from a perfect creature, but he wasn't half as bad as Eden portrays him. In my view.

(OOP) Fischler, Alan. Modified Rapture: Comedy in W.S. Gilbert's Savoy Operas. University Press of Virginia, 1991: hbk, 0 8139 1334 9
This is a very closely-reasoned book, clearly based on a thesis. The essence of the argument is that the main Savoy Operas (starting with H.M.S. Pinafore) succeeded because they followed a formula which upheld bourgeois values. They abandoned the anti-establishment tone of Gilbert's early works. I am not convinced of this myself (see Contradiction Contradicted), but Fischler provides much food for thought.

(OOP) Goldberg, Isaac. Sir William S. Gilbert: A Study in Modern Satire. Boston, 1913.
An interesting curiosity. I have only seen this once, in the British Library, but as far as I remember it was a very over-written book, though with some good ideas hiding in the verbiage. Goldberg's later Story of Gilbert and Sullivan is far preferable in terms of maturity of judgement.

(OOP) Goldberg, Isaac. The Story of Gilbert and Sullivan; or, The 'Compleat' Savoyard. London: John Murray, 1929.
A knowledgeable and erudite account of the G&S story, dating from 1929. Goldberg is very strong on Gilbert (less so on Sullivan, I'm told), and he says much that I would like to have said myself. Even when he is (to my mind) wrong, he is healthily provocative.

(OOP) Hayter, Charles. Gilbert and Sullivan. (Macmillan Modern Dramatists.) Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987.
A good, readable modern study of Gilbert's libretti for Sullivan, which relates them to Gilbert's other plays and to the Victorian theatrical scene. This is the book that first made me realise that Gilbert might be worth serious study, so I can forgive it the occasional fault in the argument.

(US) Jacobs, Arthur. Gilbert and Sullivan. Rprt Serv., 1988: $59, 0 7812 0071 7
I must admit, with shame, that I have never read this book. Jacobs is a generally reliable writer, however.

(US) Orel, Harold (ed.). Gilbert and Sullivan: Interviews and Recollections.Macmillan/University of Iowa Press, 1995: pbk, $15.95, 0 87745 476 0
A collection of early material on G&S, including Gilbert's short Autobiography. Otherwise, a book of only incidental interest.

(UK) Pearson, Hesketh. Gilbert and Sullivan. House of Stratus Ltd., 2001: pbk, £8.00, 1 84232 167 6
One of the earliest "standard" works on G&S, dating from 1935. It is as good an introduction as any, and is written with style and wit, though many of Pearson's opinions, and some of his information, should be taken with a pinch of salt.

(UK) Pearson, Hesketh. Gilbert: His Life and Strife. Greenwood Press, 1978: hbk, £50.50 (!), 0 313 20364 4
First published 1957. A discursive and far from complete account of Gilbert's life, interesting mostly for the many transcriptions of letters included. These are used to best effect in the account of the breakup of the marriage of Gilbert's parents, and in the account of the Carpet Quarrel.

(UK) Rees, Terence. Thespis: A Gilbert and Sullivan Enigma. Privately Printed, 1964: pbk, £6.00, 0 900333 04 9
The definitive book on the first G&S opera. More is now known about Thespis than Rees could have known in 1964, but the extent of his research is astonishing, and is a fine example of how much can be discovered about something which has been "lost".

(UK) Stedman, Jane W. W.S. Gilbert: A Classic Victorian and his Theatre. Oxford University Press, 1996: hbk, £20, 0 19 816174 3
This is the first comprehensive account of Gilbert's life. (See Gilbert Alone for a full review.) A landmark in Gilbertian studies.

(OOP) Sutton, Max Keith. W.S. Gilbert. Boston: Twayne, 1975.
This is undoubtedly the best modern study of Gilbert from a literary-critical point of view. Sutton covers the full range of Gilbert's output, which is remarkable enough: what is more, he does so with great intelligence and understanding. I think he pushes the idea of Gilbert as radical satirist a bit too much, but there's no doubt the evidence is there to support his arguments. If you are interested in Gilbert as a writer, and you happen on this book in a second-hand bookshop, snap it up at once! Don't let it out of your sight till money has changed hands and it is firmly yours, and protect it as you would gold bullion. It will be a revelation to you. (Unfortunately, it is, for all practical purposes, impossible to find here in Britain, except by Inter-Library Loan. I don't know if it is any easier to find in the States.)

(UK) Williamson, Audrey. Gilbert and Sullivan: An Assessment. Marion Boyars, 1983: pbk, £8.95, 0 7145 2767 X
A generally good discussion of the operas, from the perspective of a theatre/music critic.

(UK) Wilson, Frederic Woodbridge. An Introduction to the Gilbert and Sullivan Operas, from the Collection of the Pierpont Morgan Library. Dover, 1989: pbk, £10.95, 0 486 26386 X
This book is of interest to all Savoyards, not just to the beginner. Contains a wealth of fascinating illustrations - e.g. Gilbert's sketch of Grossmith as J.W. Wells, and also some details of the extent of the G&S Collection at the Pierpont Morgan Library. It was from this book that I learned of the rediscovery of the original score of Our Island Home.

(OOP) Wolfson, John. Final Curtain: The Last Gilbert and Sullivan Operas. London: Chappell & Co., in association with André Deutsch, 1976.
Wolfson poses the question: Why did the last two G&S operas (Utopia, Limited and The Grand Duke) fail? He finds an answer in the bitterness which soured the relationship of the collaborators after the Carpet Quarrel. He gives a detailed account of the creation of the two operas (particularly from Gilbert's perspective). His interpretation of what Gilbert was doing in the operas seems to me off-beam sometimes, but he provides us with much invaluable material which may help us to make up our own minds. He also reprints pre-production copies of the two operas, including a good deal of material missing from the versions which were eventually performed.

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