5. The Bhagava
was staying at Savatthi... The deva stood at a suitable place and spoke thus in
verse in the presence of the Bhagava:
- How many factors should be cut off?
- How many should be abandoned?
- How many factors should be cultivated to the utmost?
- By overcoming how many cleaving factors does a bhikkhu come to be called
'One who has crossed the flood?"
(The Bhagava said:)
- "Five factors should be cut off.1
- Five factors should be abandoned.2
- Five factors should be cultivated to the utmost.3
- By overcoming five cleaving factors4, a bhikkhu comes to be
called, 'One who has crossed the flood'."
End of the Katichinda Sutta,
the fifth in this vagga.
FOOTNOTES
1. Five factors
should be cut off: These are the five lower fetters (orambhagiya samyojanas)
that bind a worldling fast to the sensuous realms of existence. They are:
- (i) "Sakkayaditthi: wrong view of taking any or all of the five
aggregates as atta or Self;(ii) Vicikiccha: doubts about the Buddha, the Dhamma
and the Samgha, etc, (iii) Silabbataparamasa: belief in the efficacy of
practices and paths other than the Ariya Path of Eight Constituents;(iv)
Kamaraga: craving for kama bhava, sensual existence;
- (v) Patigha: anger.
They
are totally cut off only on attaining anagami magga, the Insight at the Third
Stage of Enlightenment.
2.
Five factors should be abandoned: These are the five higher fetters
(uddambhagiya samyojanas) which bind one to brahma realms. They are:
- (i) "Rupa raga: craving for existence in the rupa brahma realms;
- (ii)Arupa raga: craving for existence in 'arupa brahma realms;
- (iii) Mana: conceit;
- (iv) Uddhacca: restlessness;
- (v) Avijja: ignorance of the Four Ariya Truths
They
are totally abandoned only on the attainment of arahatship.
3.
Five factors should be cultivated to the utmost: This refers to the five
faculties, namely:
- (i) Saddha: faith or confidence,
- (ii) Viriya: effort,
- (iii) Sati: mindfulness,
- (iv) Samadhi: concentration,
- (v) Panna: Insight-knowledge.
To
cut off the five lower fetters and to abandon the five higher fetters, one
should cultivate these five faculties.
4.
Cleaving factors (sanga);
The
following five cleaving factors keep one bogged down in the mire of samsara:
- (i) Raga sanga: cleaving factor of attachment,
- (ii) Dosa sanga: cleaving factor of hatred,
- (iii) Moha sanga: cleaving factor of bewilderment,
- (iv) Mana sanga: cleaving factor of conceit,
- (v) Ditthi sanga: cleaving factor of wrong view.
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