The following commands
are available with the Recovery Console:
ATTRIB
The ATTRIB command
with any of the following parameters can change attributes of a file or folder:
-R
+R
-S
+S
-H
+H
+ Sets an attribute.
- Resets an attribute.
R Read-Only file attribute.
S System file attribute.
H Hidden file attribute.
NOTE: At least one attribute must be set or cleared. To View attributes use the
DIR command.
CD
and CHDIR
The CD and CHDIR commands
change the folder. CD .. specifies that you want to change to the parent folder.
Type CD drive: to display the current folder in the specified drive. Type CD without
parameters to display the current drive and folder. The CHDIR command treats spaces
as delimiters. Because of this, you must enclose a subfolder name that contains
a space with quotation marks. For example:
CD "\winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu"
The CHDIR command only operates within the system folders of the current installation
of Windows 2000, removable media, the root folder of any hard disk partition,
or the local installation sources.
CHKDSK
CHKDSK drive
/P /R
Checks, and if needed, repairs or recovers a drive. Also marks bad sectors and
recovers readable information.
drive specifies the drive to check. The /P switch instructs CHKDSK to do
an exhaustive check of the drive even if the drive is not marked with problems
and corrects any errors found. The /R switch locates bad sectors and recovers
readable information. Note that specifying the /R switch implies the /P switch.
CHKDSK may be specified without arguments, in which case the current drive is
implied with no switches. Optionally, the listed switches are accepted. The CHKDSK
command requires the Autochk.exe file. CHKDSK automatically locates this file
in the bootup folder. This would typically be the Cmdcons folder if the Command
Console was pre-installed. If it cannot be found in the bootup folder, CHKDSK
tries to locate the Windows 2000 CD-ROM installation media. If the installation
media cannot be found, CHKDSK prompts you to provide the location of the Autochk.exe
file.
CLS
Clears the screen.
COPY
COPY sourcedestination
Copies a file.
source: Specifies the file to be copied. Wildcards or folder copies are
not permitted. A compressed file from the Windows 2000 CD-ROM is automatically
decompressed as it is copied.
destination: Specifies the folder or file name for the new file. If this
is not specified, it defaults to the current folder. If the file already exists,
you are prompted to overwrite it.
DEL
and DELETE
DEL drive:
pathfilename
DELETE drive: pathfilename
Deletes a file
drive: pathfilename specifies the file to delete.
The DELETE command only operates within the system folders of the current Windows
2000 installation, removable media, the root folder of any hard disk partition,
or the local installation sources. The DELETE command does not accept wild card
(*) characters.
DIR
DIR drive:
pathfilename
Displays a list of files and subfolders in a folder.
drive: pathfilename: Specifies drive, folder, and/or files to list.
The DIR command lists all files including hidden and system files. Files may have
the following attributes:
D - Directory R - Read-only file
H - Hidden file A - Files ready for archiving
S - System file C - Compressed
E - Encrypted P - Reparse Point
The DIR command only operates within the system folders of the current Windows
2000 installation, removable media, the root folder of any hard disk partition,
or the local installation sources.
DISABLE
DISABLE servicename
The DISABLE command disables a Windows 2000 system service or driver.
servicename: The name of the service or driver to be disabled. Use the
LISTSVC command to display all eligible services or drivers to disable. DISABLE
prints the old start_type of the service before resetting it to SERVICE_DISABLED.
Because of this, you should record the old start_type, in case it is necessary
to re-enable the service.
The start_type values that the DISABLE command displays:
Use the DISKPART command to manage the partitions on your hard disk volumes.
/add: Create a new partition.
/delete: Delete an existing partition.
device_name: Device name for creating a new partition. The name can be
obtained from the output of the MAP command. For example: \Device\HardDisk0
drive_name: This is a drive-letter based name for deleting an existing
partition. Example D:
partition_name: This is a partition-based name for deleting an existing
partition and can be used in place of the drive name argument. Example: \Device\HardDisk0\Partition1
size: Size of the new partition in megabytes.
NOTE: If no arguments are used, a user interface for managing your partitions
appears.
WARNING: This command can damage your partition table if the disk has been upgraded
to a dynamic disk configuration. Do not modify the structure of dynamic disks
unless you are using the Disk Management tool.
ENABLE
ENABLE servicenamestart_type
You can use the ENABLE command to enable a Windows 2000 system service or driver.
servicename: The name of the service or driver to be enabled. Use the LISTSVC
command to display all eligible services or drivers to enable. The ENABLE command
prints the old start_type of the service before resetting it to the new value.
You should note the old value, in case it is necessary to restore the start_type
of the service.
NOTE: If you do not specify a new start_type, ENABLE prints the old start_type
for you.
EXIT
You can use the EXIT
command to quit the Command Console and restart your computer.
EXTRACT
EXTRACT sourcedestination
Extracts a file from the driver .cab file on the installation media, and then
copies it to the destination.
source: Specifies the name of the file to be extracted.
destination: Specifies the folder or file name of the new file. If not
specified, this defaults to the current folder.
NOTE: This command only works when your computer has been started from the Installation
Media CD-ROM.
FIXBOOT
FIXBOOT drive name:
Writes new Windows 2000 boot sector code on the boot partition. This fixes problems
where the Windows 2000 boot sector is corrupted. The Emergency Repair process
also fixes the boot sector.
drive name: Drive letter where the boot sector will be written. This overrides
the default of writing to the system boot partition. The FIXBOOT command is only
supported on the x86 platform.
FIXMBR
FIXMBR device name
Repairs the master boot record (MBR) of the system partition. This is used in
scenarios where a virus has damaged the MBR and Windows 2000 cannot start.
WARNING: This command has the potential to damage your partition tables if a virus
is present or a hardware problem exists. This command may lead to inaccessible
partitions. Microsoft suggests running anti-virus software before using this command.
device name: Optional device name that specifies the device that needs
a new MBR. The name can be obtained from the output of the MAP command. If this
is left blank, the boot device's MBR is fixed. For example:
FIXMBR \device\harddisk2
If FIXMBR detects an invalid or non-standard partition table signature, it prompts
you for permission before rewriting the MBR. The FIXMBR command is only supported
on the x86 platform.
FORMAT
FORMAT drive:/Q/FS:file-system
Formats the specified drive to the specified file system.
drive:: Drive letter of the partition to format.
/Q: Performs a quick format of the drive.
/FS:file-system: Specifies the type of file system to use, FAT, FAT32,
or NTFS. If none is specified, then the existing file system format is used, when
available.
LISTSVC
The LISTSVC command
lists all available services, drivers and their start types for the current Windows
2000 installation. This may be useful when using the DISABLE and ENABLE commands.
NOTE: These are extracted from the %systemroot%\System32\config\SYSTEM hive. Should
the SYSTEM hive become damaged or missing, unpredictable results may occur.
LOGON
The LOGON command lists all detected installations of Windows 2000 and Windows
NT, and then requests the local administrator password for the copy of Windows
you chose to log on to. If more than three attempts to logon do not succeed,
the console quits and your computer restarts.
MAP
MAP arc
The MAP command lists drive letters, file system types, partition sizes and mappings
to physical devices.
arc: The arc parameter tells MAP to use ARC paths instead of Windows Device
paths.
MD
and MKDIR
The MD or MKDIR commands
make folders. Wildcard characters are not supported. The MKDIR command only operates
within the system folders of the current installation of Windows 2000, removable
media, the root folder of any hard disk partition, or the local installation sources.
MORE
MORE filename
The MORE command displays a text file to the screen.
RD
and RMDIR
The RD and RMDIR commands
delete a folder.
The RMDIR and RD commands only operate within the system folders of the current
Windows 2000 installation, removable media, the root folder of any hard disk partition,
or the local installation sources.
REN
and RENAME
The REN and RENAME
commands can rename a file. Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for
your destination file. The REN and RENAME commands only operate within the system
folders of the current Windows 2000 installation, removable media, the root folder
of any hard disk partition, or the local installation sources.
SET
The SET command allows
you to display or modify four environment options.
