HEADS OF STATE
*** A
Adenaur - Konrad ….. born January 5th 1876 ..… FIRST Chancellor of West Germany. He was born in Cologne where he practised law and where he became Lord Mayor in 1917. He was Chancellor from 1949 ( re-elected in 1953 and 1957) and was his own Foreign Minister from 1951 to 1955
Allende - President …. Chile .…. the world’s FIRST democratically elected Marxist Head of State. He died on 11th September 1973 in a military coup led by General Pinochet
Aristide – Father Jean-Bertrand ….. in 1990 he became Haiti’s FIRST freely-chosen head of state and the FIRST to challenge the moneyed class which had run Haiti into the ground since gaining independence in 1790
Assad - President Bashar ..... in December 2002 he became the FIRST Syrian leader to meet Queen Elizabeth 11 at Buckingham Palace when he made a courtesy call with his British-born wife during his official visit to Britain for talks with Prime Minister Tony Blair
Augustus neé Gaius Octavius or Octavian ….. born September 63 BC died August 14 BC ..... FIRST Roman Emperor when awarded the title by the Senate on 17th January 27 BC, he reconstructed Roman society, renovated and beautified Rome and guaranteed the peaceful survival of the Roman empire for 200 years
*** B
Borden - Sir Robert Laird ..... born 1854 died 1937 ..... Canadian statesman who was the FIRST overseas premier to attend a Cabinet meeting in London - 1915
Botha - Louis ..... born 27th September 1862 died 1919 ..... South African statesman and soldier who became the FIRST premier of the Union of South Africa in 1910
Botha - Pieter Willem ..... born 1916 ..... South African politician, Prime Minister from 1978 to 1989 and in 1984 became the FIRST executive state president
Bourguiba - Habib ibn Ali ..... born 1903 ..... Tunisia's FIRST Prime Minister
*** C
Chavez - Hugo ..... Venezuela's FIRST dark-skinned leader when made President
Constantine ..... Rome's FIRST Christian Emperor
Cromwell - Oliver..... born 25th April 1599 ..... FIRST Lord Protector of England
*** E
Elchibey - Alulfaz ..... born 7th June 1938 died 2000 ..... FIRST democratically elected president of Azerbaijan after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. He held office for one year from June 1992 to June 1993
*** G
Göncz - Arpád ..... FIRST democratically elected President of Hungary
Griffith - Arthur ..... FIRST premier of the Irish Free State - 1922
*** H
Havel - Václav ..... playwright and human rights activist who became Czechoslovakia's FIRST President in 1989
Hughes - Billy ..... AUSTRALIA ..... in 1922 he was the FIRST Prime Minister of any nation to make a radio broadcast
*** K
Kublai Khan ….. 1214-1294 ..... great khan of the Mongols from 1260 and emperor of China from 1271, the FIRST foreigner ever to rule in China
*** M
Maghrabi - Abdelfattah El ….. mathematician who became the Sudan's FIRST president after independence in 1956
Masaryk - Thomas Garrigue ….. born 1850 died 1937..... FIRST President of Czechoslavakia - 1918. He was born in Hodonia in Moravia and was a Professor of Philosophy in Prague from 1882 to 1914. He married an American, Charlotte Garrigue, whose surname he took as his own second name and was among the FIRST statesmen to perceive the menace of Hitler's policies
Mazowiecki - Tadeusz ….. the FIRST non-communist Prime Minister in Poland - 21st September 1989
Mohammed - Zahir ud-din ..... known as Babur, he was the FIRST great Mogul ruler and made Agra his capital in 1527
*** S
Sarkozy - Nicolas ….. the FIRST ever French president to divorce whilst a serving head of state - 2007
Scheidemann - Philipp ..... in 1919 he became the FIRST Chancellor of the Republic of Germany
Severus - Septimius ..... born 11th April 145 ..... in the African city of Lepcis Magna and became unique among the Roman emperors as being the FIRST black citizen to hold the highest office in the Roman empire
Sucre - Antonio José de ..... 19th century South American liberator and FIRST president of Bolivia
*** T
Talabani - Jalal ….. veteran Kurdish resistance leader who became the FIRST freely elected president of Iraq and the only non-Arab head of state of a majority Arab country - 2005
Tenno - Jimmu ..... FIRST ruler of Japan
Tse-Tung - Mao ….. born 26th December 1893 ….. FIRST head of state of the newly established People’s Republic of China
*** W
Walesa - Lech ..... Poland's FIRST democratically elected President, he was the leader of the Solidarity labour union strikes at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdansk in 1980. In 1983 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
*** Y
Yeltsin Boris - Nikolayevich ….. born 1st February 1931 died April 2007 ..… FIRST President of Russia to be freely elected - 1990 and in 1999 became the FIRST ever Russian leader to step down from office voluntarily. He joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1961 and became FIRST secretary of the Sverdlovsk region in 1976. In 1985 he was appointed Moscow party chief but was reduced in rank two years later after criticising party conservatives. He was also the FIRST Russian leader to attend a NATO conference