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Medicine

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Advanced Cell Technology ..... U.S.A ..... one of America's leading biotechnology companies  who claimed to have cloned the FIRST human embryo in 2000

Allamby - David ..... U.K ..... doctor who was the FIRST surgeon in the UK to correct presbyopia ( the need to wear glasses as you get older) with a procedure called  CK ( conductive keratoplasty)

***  B

Barclay – Alfred Ernest ..... U.K ..... founder of Manchester’s FIRST X-Ray department which opened at Ancoats Hospital

Barnard - Christian ..... born 8th November 1922 died 2001 ..... SOUTH AFRICA ..... South African surgeon who performed the FIRST successful heart transplant operation in 1967. He became an instant celebrity and was granted private audiences with the Pope. Sadly however, crippling arthritis brought his medical career to a premature and painful end. He also performed Africa's FIRST kidney transplant

Beaumont - William ..... born 1785 died 1853 ..... U.S.A ..... made the FIRST direct study of human indigestion after a patient had a gunshot wound which never healed and it allowed direct observation of digestion as it occurred in the stomach

Bier - August ..... born 1861 died 1949 ..... GERMAN ..... surgeon who invented new methods, researched into spiral anaesthesia and was the FIRST to use cocaine

Billroth - Theodor ..... born 1821 died 1894 ..... AUSTRIA ..... surgeon who was a pioneer of modern abdominal surgery. In 1874 he performed the FIRST successful excision of the larynx and in 1881 the FIRST resection of the intestine

Bourgelat - Claude ….. established the world's FIRST veterinary school in France - 1762

Bovet - Daniel ..... born 1907 ..... Swiss-born Italian pharmacologist who developed the FIRST antihistamine drug and the FIRST synthetic muscle-relaxants, for which he was awarded the 1957 Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine

Butterworth - Dr Tony ..... U.K ..... FIRST professor of community nursing in Britain

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Cartwright - Derek ..... U.K ..... the FIRST paramedic in Bolton, Lancashire, England, when he was among the FIRST group of staff in Greater Manchester Ambulance Service to train as paramedics in 1986. He qualified in 2000

Charnley - John ..... U.K ..... Orthopaedic surgeon who constructed the FIRST artificial hip joints during the 1950s at his home in Hale, Lancashire, England

Christie Hospital ..... U.K ..... opened in Manchester in 1892 as the Cancer Pavilion and Home for Incurables . On November 26th 1901 it was named Christie Hospital after its pioneers Richard Copley Christie and his wife Mary Ellen. In 1944 it conducted the world’s FIRST ever clinical trial for a new breast cancer drug and in 1969 started the FIRST trials in the world of tamoxifen which is now credited with cutting the UK breast cancer death rate by a third. In 2004 it received a new digital chest x-ray machine, the FIRST of its kind in Britain and Vera Clark became the FIRST patient to use it. The machine takes only seconds to show whether a patient has any tumours or chest irregularities

Cornhill - John ..... U.K ..... in March 1995 he became the FIRST person in Britain to receive an artificial heart as a permanent transplant. The device does not replace the heart but helps to pump blood from a weak left ventricle up the aortic artery to supply the body

Cowell - Robert ..... U.S.A ..... FIRST man to become a woman when he went through an operation to became Roberta

*** D

DeBakey - Michael .....  died 2008 ..... heart surgeon who performed the world's FIRST coronary bypass

Devauchelle - Bernard  ….. France ..... French surgeon who headed the team from Amiens University Hospital on November 27th 2005 when the world's FIRST partial face transplant was carried. The patient was Isabelle Dinoire whose face had been bitten off by her pet labrador

Doll - Richard - Sir ..... born October 28th 1912 ..... U.K ..... doctor who FIRST established an irrefutable link between smoking and cancer in the late 1940s. He also went on to discover that a daily dose of aspirin offered protection against heart attacks and that no amount of radiation was safe

Drinker - Philip ..... U.K ..... public health engineer who created the FIRST iron lung

Demikhov - Vladimir ..... RUSSIA ..... surgeon who carried out the FIRST heart and lung transplant on animals. In 1946 he transplanted a heart into a dog and in 1952 carried out the FIRST coronary bypass, also on a dog

*** E

Edwards - Ray ….. FIRST NHS patient to be fitted with a revolutionary bionic hand when the i-limb was fitted to the end of his left arm. In 1987 he had lost all his limbs to septicaemia

Egas Moniz - AntonioCaetano de Abreu Freire ….. born 1874 died 1955 ..... Portuguese neurologist who performed the FIRST brain operation for the treatment of a mental disorder - a prefrontal leucotomy - 1936

Ehrlich - Paul ….. born 1854 died 1915 ..... German bacteriologist and immunologist who developed the FIRST cure for syphilis and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1908

Ernst - Edzard ….. the U.K's FIRST professor of complementary medicine

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Favalaro - Rene ….. born 14th July 1923 died- 2000 ….. surgeon who performed the world's FIRST heart bypass in 1967. He was also the FIRST surgeon to perform successful heart transplant operations in Argentina

Fishwick - Harry ..... U.K ..... made British medical history in 1999 by becoming the FIRST eight-finger replant after his hands were caught in a hydraulic paper guillotine

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Grant - Dr William West  ….. U.S.A ..... American doctor who performed the FIRST appendectomy on January 4th 1885 when he operated on 22 year old Mary Gartside

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Hallam - Clint ..... FIRST person in the world to receive a double arm transplant when surgeons performed the operation at a clinic in Munich in 2008

Hardy - James ….. American who performed the FIRST human lung transplant in 1963

Harrison - Dr ….. U.K ..... in 1935 he delivered the world's FIRST surviving naturally conceived quadruplets at St Neots in Cambridgeshire

Hashmi - Shahana and Raj ..... U.K ..... FIRST couple to use pre-implantation genetic diagnosis in a bid to create a so-called 'designer baby' in order to help their son Zain to be cured of a rare blood disease - February 2002

Hutchings - Cecil ..... U.K ..... in 1995 at the age of 70 years he was the FIRST Briton to take part in clinical trials of gene therapy for tackling some forms of cancer when scientists at Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge and the Tenovus Laboratories in Southampton produced a personal vaccine using DNA cloned from the patient's own tumour to combat the disease

Huxham John ..... U. K ..... in 1750 he was the FIRST to use the word 'influenza'

*** J

James - Ian ..... born February 15th 1937 ..... U.K ..... he was the FIRST doctor to use beta-blocker drugs to treat stage fright

John Tracy Clinic ..... the FIRST pre-school in the U.S.A to offer emotional support, information and speech and lip-reading classes to help families cope with deafness. It was founded by Louise Tracy, wife of the screen star Spencer Tracy, whose son John was deaf. With the help of other mothers with deaf children and Victor Goodhill, an internationally recognised eye, ear, nose and throat surgeon, the clinic began life in a small bungalow on the USC campus in 1942

Johnson - Robert ..... U.K ..... patient who was operated on in the world's FIRST operation using gene therapy for a sight disorder. The surgeon was James Bainbridge and the operation was carried out at Moorfields Eye Hospital in May 2007

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Larrey - Baron Dominique Jean ….. FRANCE ..... Napoleon's personal surgeon who designed the FIRST ambulance in 1792 and established an ambulance corps of field surgeons, stretcher bearers and his "one-horse flying ambulances"

Leeuwenhoek - Anton Van ….. born October 24th 1632 died 1723 ….. Dutch scientist who was the inventor of the microscope and the FIRST man to observe bacteria and protozoa under a lens

Levinsky - Prof Roland ..... died 2007 ..... performed the U.K's FIRST successful bone marrow transplant on a child. He was a world leader in the treatment of children with immuno-deficiency diseases

Lister - Lord Joseph ….. born  April 5th 1827 died 1912 …..  U.K ..... surgeon, known as the ' father of antiseptic surgery' as he was the FIRST to use the antiseptic method for treating wounds. In 1902 he was one of the FIRST people to be awarded the newly created Order of Merit

Ljungberg - Lars ..... Swedish sports journalist who was the FIRST heart-lung transplant patient in Britain. The operation was successful but unfortunately he died two weeks later when his kidneys failed

Long - Dr Crawford ….. U.K ..... used anaesthetic for the FIRST time in an operation when he removed a cyst from the neck of James Venable on March 30th 1842. However instead of it being hailed as a medical breakthrough he was accused of sorcery and threatened with a lynch mob. Because of this he did not reveal his discovery until after ether anaesthesia was patented in 1846

Low - David ….. U.K ..... became the FIRST chiropodist to style himself as such as in the 18th century they were known as corn-cutters.  In 1774 he had established the FIRST hotel in London in Covent Garden but abandoned the catering trade in 1780 to turn to chiropody

Loxam - Richard ….. U.K ..... FIRST ever NHS test-tube baby when born in Manchester in 1984 at St Mary's Hospital

Luthra - Dr Sunny ..... U.K ..... in 2002 he opened Manchester's FIRST teeth-whitening clinic at the David Lloyd Centre in Cheadle Royal. Previously in 1990 he had set up the FIRST Capital Dental School in the London bureau of Chelsea

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Malpighi - Marcello ….. FIRST to view the capillary system - 1661 - Bologna, Italy

Merk - Karl ….. German who became the FIRST person to have a double arm transplant in 2008 after losing both arms in an accident six years previously

Morton - William ….. American dentist who administered ether in the FIRST public demonstration of anaesthesia

Moss - Robert ….. U.K ..... the FIRST man to lay bare his heart to the world in a museum when he gave his old heart to the Science Museum after receiving a new one in a transplant operation in 2000. The heart was displayed in the museum's new £50m Wellcome Wing as part of its Who Am I? Exhibition

MSO1 ….. the U.K's FIRST chemotherapy trial for mesothelioma - cancer of the pleura caused by asbestos

*** N

Nafis - Ibn-al ….. died 1288 in Cairo, Egypt, he was a renowned physician who was the FIRST to document the workings of the pulmonary circulation of the body, has exchange in the lungs and the structure of the lungs

Nagle - Matthew ….. U.S.A ..... in March 2005 in a ground-breaking operation in America, he became the FIRST person to be fitted with a brain implant that let him control certain objects by thought

Naito - Ryochi ….. JAPAN ..... in 1979 he performed the FIRST transfusion of artificial blood when he injected himself with 200 ml of fluosol DA

Nellen - Maurice ….. born 23rd March 1915 ….. SOUTH AFRICA ..... founder of the cardiac clinic at Groote Schuur hospital where the FIRST heart transplant operation took place in 1967

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Oliver - P L ….. U.K ..... in 1921 he formed the world's FIRST blood donation panel when he asked 4 members of the Camberwell division of the British Red Cross Society to donate for King's College Hospital. As the blood could not be stored in those days it had to be used straight away. In that first year 26 transfusions took place and within five years this figure had risen to more than 5,000

*** P

Platt - Sir Harry ….. U.K ..... founder at Ancoats Hospital of the world's FIRST fully segregated fracture service under the control of an orthopaedic specialist

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Reid - Fred ….. U.K ..... in 2004 he became the world's FIRST guinea pig for a possible new cure for cancer when doctors at the Christie Hospital (see above) in Manchester asked if he would like to try an experimental drug that no one had ever tried and which is thought to stop cancer tumours from growing by starving them of a molecule they need

Riggs - Dr John M ….. U.K ..... performed the FIRST dental extraction under an anaesthetic on December 11th 1844

Royal Marsden Hospital ….. U.K ..... founded in London in 1851 it was the FIRST hospital in the world to be founded for research into cancer and to care for patients with cancer

*** S

Salk - Jonas Edward  ….. born 28th October 1914 ….. U.S.A ..... virologist, born in New York City, the son of a garment worker. He was the FIRST to develop a vaccine for the prevention of polio, the 'Salk vaccine'

Scholtz - Jeff ….. one of the FIRST people in the world to have his appendix removed through his mouth - 2008. The operation was a major advance in the quest for scar-free surgery and was performed by doctors in San Diego, California

Sikora - Karol ..... Professor who set up the FIRST complementary medical service on the NHS in 1991 and became one of the FIRST oncologists to treat cancer patients holistically

Simpson - James ….. SCOTLAND ..... in 1847 he became the FIRST surgeon to use chloroform as a general anaesthetic in preference to ether

Snoopy ..... the world's FIRST cloned dog

Snow - John ….. born 15th March 1813 died 1858 ….. U.K ..... an English physician who was the FIRST to use ether as an antiseptic and who discovered that cholera was transmitted by contaminated water

Startz - Dr Thomas ..... U.S.A ..... carried out the FIRST successful human liver transplant in Denver, Colorado in 1967

Stone – Rev.Peter ….. U.K ..... FIRST Church of England vicar to have a sex change when in June 2000 he became the Rev. Carol

Swain – Professor Paul ….. U.K ..... in 2000 he was the FIRST person to use the tiny camera that can travel through the body taking pictures to investigate a host of health problems. He led the research team based at the Royal London Hospital which made the device. It measured 11mm x 30mm and comprised a tiny video camera, a light source and a radio transmitter which sent pictures to a recorder carried by the patient

Sydenham - Thomas ..... born 1624 died 1689 ..... U.K ..... physician who was the FIRST to describe measles and to recommend the use of quinine for relieving the symptoms of malaria

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Tool - Robert ….. in 2001 he became the FIRST recipient of a self-contained artificial heart

Turner - Thomas F.R.C.S ….. U.K ..... founded a school of medicine in Manchester, England, in 1824 which was the FIRST fully equipped medical school in the provinces. It eventually became the Manchester School of Medicine in 1836

*** U

UK Biobank ….. the FIRST in Britain it has its headquarters at Manchester University. Ultimately it will store DNA samples and health records on more than 500,000 volunteers from across the country and will help to identify why some people develop certain diseases and others don't - 2007

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Virchow - Rudolf Ludwig Carl ..... born 1821 died 1902 ..... German pathologist and founder of cellular pathology who was the FIRST to describe leukaemia ( cancer of the blood)

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Wakefield - Andrew ..... U.K ..... academic gastroenterologist who was the FIRST expert in Britain to identify autistic enterocolitis

Warren - Dr John Collins ..... U.K ..... used anaesthesia for the FIRST time in major surgery when he took a tumour from the jaw of Gilbert Abbott, a young printer, on October 16th 1846

Welch - Ian ..... U.K ..... doctor who is a blood clot expert at Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester  and who has formed the U.K's FIRST hospital research group into the condition which causes more than 25,000 deaths each year

White - Charles ..... U.K ..... FIRST surgeon at the Manchester Royal Infirmary after it opened in July 1752 in a small house on Garden Street, off Withy Grove. He was also one of the hospital's founders and was something of a pioneer. In 1773 he wrote a book called The Management Of pregnant And Lying-In Women and his new methods helped to save many lives. When the infirmary outgrew is premises it moved to land on Piccadilly and in 1830 was granted royal patronage by Queen Victoria. At the end of the 19th Century the hospital moved to its present site on Oxford Road

Whyte - Danny ..... set up Africa's FIRST bone marrow registry

Wilkinson - Thomas ….. born 10th June 1897 ….. U.K ..... one of the FIRST Boy Scouts he was an expert on diseases of the blood and made one of the FIRST trials of cortisone to alleviate Addison’s Disease. His treatments for leukaemia were among the FIRST experiments in chemotherapy. He formed the Lion Patrol which became the 1st Blackpool Scout troop. In September 1919 he took part in the FIRST ever Scoutmasters’ training course and at the end of it was presented with his Wood Badge by Baden-Powell as the FIRST person to have fulfilled all the necessary requirements. He later led the FIRST Wood Badge course to be held outside Gilwell

Wythenshawe Hospital ..... U.K ..... Manchester, England ….. in 2000 it became the home of the FIRST fully-integrated transplant centre in the world with a 16 bed dedicated transplant ward

*** Y

Yudin - Sergei ..... U.S.S.R .....  in 1931 he set up the world's FIRST blood bank at the Sklifosovsky Institute in Moscow

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