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ECO/Resin
Bonded Anchors
Anchor
Type: DMM ECO anchor
Resin
Type: Resifix 3 plus chemical anchor mortar.
Base
Material: Mass limestone, chosen at random with variables
(i.e. wet, dry).
Placement
Date: 28.08.1995
Test
Site: Yordas cave, Kingsdale, Yorkshire.
Test
Equipment Used: Hydraulic Cylinder pump & gauge No. G10067,
10 Tonne.
Testers:
R.Laybourn (Hilti) test supervisor. L.Sykes, C.N.C.C. & N.C.A.
M.Lowe, D.C.A. & N.C.A.
Observers:
J.Sloane L.U.G. S.Sykes M.Y.C.T
Test
No.1
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Site:
Anchor was placed in wall with film of water on the
surface of the wall, cementation of limestone particles
had occurred due to ingress of water.
Preparation:
Cleaned using brush and compressed air method, difficulty
in removing all the cementation.
Result:
Egress of anchor from resin at 36Kn. Applied load 46.8Kn.
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Test
No.2
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Site:
Wet wall with a film of water on the surface.
Preparation:
Wash a brush combination till clean using 450cc of water,
then dried using absorbent cloth.
Result:
Egress of anchor from resin at 46.8Kn. Applied load
54Kn
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Test
No.3
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Site:
Wet wall with film of water on the surface.
Preparation:
Flushed only using 300cc of water.
Result:
Egress of anchor from resin at 25.2Kn. Applied load
29Kn.
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Test
No.4
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Site:
Wet wall with film of water on the surface.
Preparation:
Wash & brush combination till clean using 450cc
of water, then dried using absorbent cloth,
Result:
Egress of anchor at 36Kn. Load applied 54Kn.
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Test
No.5
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Site: Hole
drill vertical into floor block.
Preparation: Washed
and brushed until clean, left full of water. Resin was
used to expel the water.
Result:
Egress of anchor at 45Kn. Load applied 52.2Kn.
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Test
No.6
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Site: Wet
limestone, no film of water present on surface.
Preparation: Wash
& brush combination till clean using 450cc of water,
then dried using absorbent cloth.
RESULT:
Egress of anchor at 36Kn. Load applied 48.6Kn.
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Test
No.7
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Site: Wet
limestone no film of water present.
Preparation: Cleaned
using brush and compressed air, slight cementing of
limestone particles, cleaned as good as possible.
RESULT:
Egress of anchor at 23.4Kn. Load applied 36.8Kn.
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Test
No.8
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Site: Wet
crinoidal limestone near entrance.
Preparation: Wash
& brush combination till clean using 450cc of water,
RESULT:
Egress of anchor at 45Kn. Load applied 50.4Kn.
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Test
No.9
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Site: Wet
crinoidal limestone near entrance,
Preparation: Cleaned
using brush and compressed air, no cementing of limestone
particles present.
RESULT: Egress
of anchor at 54Kn. Load applied 54Kn.
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Test
No.10
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Site: Dry
limestone on surface, ambient temp. 20'C+.
Preparation: Cleaned
using brush and compressed air.
RESULT:
Egress of anchor at 34.2Kn. Load applied 44Kn.
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Test
No.11
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Site: Dry
limestone on surface, ambient temp 20'C+.
Preparation: Cleaned
using brush and compressed air.
RESULT: Egress
of anchor at l8Kn. Load applied 4OKn.
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Test
No.12
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Site: Dry
limestone on surface, ambient temp. 20'C+.
Preparation: Wash
& brush combination till clean using 450cc of water,
then dried using absorbent cloth.
RESULT: Egress
of anchor at 34.2Kn, Load applied 37.8Kn.
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From
calculations the WORKING LOAD of the tested anchors would be 11.
46Kn.
From
calculations the PROOF TEST LOAD of the tested anchors would be
l7Kn.
Notes
arising from the tests:
Anchor
deformation starts at approximately 19Kn, and continues to about
4OKn, at a point when it has formed around the test rig attachment.
Egress of anchor, is the point at which definite egress of the anchor
from the resin occurred.
Load
applied, is the maximum load Kn. that the anchor placement held
prior to the failure of that placement.
TEST
3: When the resin was applied to the hole, the resin colour changed,
this constituted an incorrect mix, thus, the low failure load achieved.
Some of the resin plug was also expelled during the test, this could
indicate that flushing only with water is not sufficient to remove
all the particles of limestone. This anchor did pass the proof load
test.
TEST
9: There was no egress of this anchor from the resin until the load
54Kn was achieved, at 54Kn a cone of rock around the anchor spalled,
the anchor placement failed violently.
TEST
11: Egress of this anchor was initiated at a load of l8Kn. I can
only assume that there was some form of contaminant on the anchor,
however it should be noted that this anchor did pass the proof load
test.
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Test
No
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Anchor
Egress Kn.
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Load
Applied Kn.
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Hole
Prep
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Note
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01
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36.0
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46.8
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B,A
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1
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02
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46.8
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54.0
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W,B,D
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03
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25.2
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29.0
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F,We
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2
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04
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36.0
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54.0
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W,B,D
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05
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45.0
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52.2
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W,B
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3
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06
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36.0
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48.6
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W,B,D
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07
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23.4
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36.8
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B,A
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4
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08
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45.0
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50.4
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W,B,We
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09
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54.0
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54.0
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B,A
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10
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34.2
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44.0
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B,A
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11
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18.0
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40.0
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B,A
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12
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34.2
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37.8
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W,B,D
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Preparation
code: B=Brush, A=Compressed air, D=Dried with absorbent cloth, We=Left
wet, F=Flushed only with water.
Note:
1:Cementation
of limestone particles had occurred, difficult to clean thoroughly.
2:Only
cleaning was flushing with water.
3:Hole
was drilled vertically into floor, cleaned then filled with water,
resin was used to expel water.
4:Cementation
of limestone particles had occurred, difficult to clean thoroughly.
This
test report should be read in-conjunction with the full report above:
Andy
McCarron...
andy.mccarron@yss.uk.com
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