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ROLE OF THE VATICAN When we're talking about the second key international participant, according to what Mesic said, the key international participant in the break-up of Yugoslavia, the Holy See, it is also characterised by its historical continuity and its anti-Yugoslav activity as well as the stability of its alliance with those who fought against the establishment of Yugoslavia before and during World War I and who fought throughout its existence against it, in particular during World War II. The deep roots of this policy by the Vatican and the war inciting anti-Serb propaganda of the Vatican are attested to by a quotation from a report by the Austrian envoy to the Holy See sent to Vienna on the 27th of July, 1914, before war was declared against Serbia, report on his conversation with the Cardinal's state secretary Marie Del Vallo [phoen]: "During the last year, His Holiness several times expressed his regret that Austro-Hungary failed to punish its dangerous Danube neighbours. The Pope and the curate see in Serbia a sickness that is eating away at the essence of the monarchy and which will cause it to disappear. The destruction of this bastion for the church -- the destruction of this bastion for the church would constitute a loss of the firmest stronghold in its struggle against Orthodoxy and the loss of its major fighters. The cardinal's first secretary expressed the hope that the monarchy will follow this through to the end." So according to the official position of the Vatican, Serbia was to be destroyed in order to strengthen the Austro-Hungarian monarchy as the stronghold of Catholicism in that area and in particular to serve as its basis to expand to the east. This of course has nothing to do with the teachings of Christ and it's more than evident but it is also more than evident how much this has to do with the teachings which two decades later were propagated by Adolf Hitler in his crazed idea that he had a divine mission to achieve -- in his pull towards the east, the Dynastie [phoen]. And this is something that will be embodied later in the axis powers headed by Hitler. In Croatia this was achieved through the close ties of the Catholic church with the Pavic's Independent State of Croatia whose minister of education, Mile Budak, stated in Gospic, "A part of the Serbs we will destroy, another part we will expel, the others will be converted to Catholicism and turned into Croats. In this way, we will eradicate their traces and what will be left will be just a bad memory of them." Professor Edmund Paris, in his book Genocide in Satellite Croatia 1941-1945, Chicago 1961, says that "The biggest genocide during World War II against a majority of a population did not take place in Nazi Germany but in the satellite State of Croatia" which was created by the Nazis. Also Professor Helen Feyne [phoen] in her book Accounting for Genocide, New York, The Free Press, 1979, says that Croatia -- I am quoting: "The Croatian state planned and executed a massacre against the Orthodox Serb minority and that the Catholic clergy approved of this massacre," according to McMillan's Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, pages 323 to 328, "In the NDH, Independent State of Croatia, more than half a million Serbs were killed" -- I'm quoting -- "a quarter million were expelled, and another number were forced to convert to Catholicism. The genocide in the Independent State of Croatia against the Serbs is one of the most concealed secrets of the 20th century, just as the rescue of Ustasha criminals has not -- has also been kept a secret by the US and its allies." The United States, Great Britain and some of its allies played an extremely sinister role in the rescue and fleeing abroad of a large number of Ustashas primarily to South America, including the highly ranking ones, amongst them Ante Pavlic who was their leader. The reasons to rescue Ustashas and other Nazis and to transfer them secretly through the Vatican secret channels was in the interest of the Vatican in its struggle against the USSR and against the communist threat in which no methods were discriminated against. The objective was to save criminals, practising Catholics, whose crimes they approved of. This concealment of crimes, making it possible for the criminals to escape, was done because if the role of the Vatican and the Pope Pius were announced publicly in some dominantly Catholic countries in Europe, there could be negative repercussions. Primarily he's thinking about France and Italy. These criminals were later used in order to weaken the communist countries of Europe and to carry out terrorist activities. The attempts of the Vatican to have as close as possible ties with the main victors in World War II, the United States in particular, was a success at the beginning of the '80s when at a meeting between the Pope and Regan it was leaked that they discussed the solutions that were adopted at Yalta in 1945. There was also a series of meetings held in the presence of their associates in the course of which firm ties were established which Richard Allen, the White House advisor for security, described as one of the greatest secret alliances of all times. [....] Although the three theory Catholics [sic], Brzezinski, Casey, and Walters, prepared the ground for alliance, and although President Regan at the most prominent places in the administration appointed Roman Catholics, for example, Aleksandar Hague whose brother was a bishop, it would be wrong to claim that the Roman Catholic faith was a decisive factor in the policy of United States in that period. The administration of the United States did not see an expression of religion in the alliance but the power of the church as an institution which has been placed in the context of real politics. Washington used the Vatican or the Roman Catholic Church in the same way that it will try to do a bit later with Islam. "Through this alliance, the reshaped geopolitical shape of the map, a new aggressive politically -- political planetary bloc was created which will have the most fatal consequences in relation to Yugoslavia." The words of prominent intellectuals about the role of the Holy See were confirmed by Mikhail Gorbachev who said in La Stampa in 1992, "Everything that happened in Eastern Europe over the past few years would not have been possible without the participation of Pope John Paul II." In Eastern Europe over these past few years Yugoslavia was broken up in blood, a state whose creation the Vatican wanted to prevent during World War I and in whose break-up and bloodshed, the vast bloodshed which accompanied this break-up it took part once before supporting Hitler, the Ustasha state and the Ustasha crimes in the course of World War II. The Vatican's policy towards Serbia was shaped as is evident from the quoted letter from 1914 and also dating back to the time before the creation of Yugoslavia. After the Kingdom of Croats, Serbs, and Slovenes was created, this multi-cultural state was considered to be the main barrier in the spread of Vatican -- of Catholicism to the East. That is why the policy of Pope John Paul II and the Catholic church in general at the time of this poke towards Yugoslavia constitute just the final phase in the activities of the Catholic church in the break-up of Yugoslavia. I will skip a series of examples of meetings held from 1991, during 1991 and during 1992 which confirmed this, but I will include this in the text that I'm going to submit because time does not permit me to quote all that I have prepared. Following the recognition of Slovenia and Croatia, followed by the recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Vatican suddenly adopted a peace-making policy. It was proposed in 1994 that the Pope visit Zagreb and Sarajevo. The Vatican diplomacy viewed the expulsion of Serbs from the territory that they lived on for centuries in Croatia in the Storm and Flash operations, and I will remind you that Lord Owen called the Storm Operation "the greatest ethnic cleansing in the territory of the former Yugoslavia." The Vatican dubbed those actions as the recapturing of the terrain, this territory where Serbs lived for centuries. On the 19th of October, 1995, the Pope said about that that in certain situations use of force is not ruled out if this is necessary for the defence of the justified rights of a certain people. In such situations we're talking about a humanitarian intervention in order to protect human lives. No human lives were threatened at that time, nor were there any attacks from the UN protected zones or from Krajina to the areas surrounding them, contrary to the Srebrenica protected zone from where attacks were conducted throughout that whole year and when hundreds of villages were attacked and a lot of Serb population was slaughtered. A retired chaplain - and I'm saying "chaplain" for the interpreters and not "captain" - he stated in Pittsburgh in January in 1999 that the Vatican is to blame for all the troubles that occurred in Yugoslav territory and that he personally saw bank accounts of the Vatican confirming that the Catholic church, together with the German government, destabilised Yugoslavia and caused a decade of bloody events. He claims that the Vatican pumped in millions to separatists in Yugoslavia and that the Catholic church was very active in the events in Croatia and Slovenia. It is well known that the Vatican and the press supported the demonstrations of Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija in 1989, and they did the same -- and this was also done by the Ljubljana and Croatia archbishops. The Pope supported the demands of secessionist Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija in 1994. He was the first one to call for energetic action against Serbia in 1998, and then he turned into a peacekeeper on the 30th of May when he called the ambassador of the NATO member countries and started an initiative to stop the war against Yugoslavia, and he also wrote a letter to Clinton to stop the bombing over the Easter holidays. When we have all these activities of the Vatican in mind which relate to the break-up of Yugoslavia, the message of the 12th of May, 2000 sounds frightful when the Pope said: "We cannot and not recognise the betrayal of the gospels committed by our members and the voice of consciousness, and we ask for forgiveness of the sins of the Catholic church." Professor Smilja Avramov, in her book Opus Dei recalls the critical reactions to this statement, underlining the following words of Leo Lyndaker [phoen], a Dutch religious scholar. She quotes him: "The Pope expressed regret for what was done in the past but there are no indications that he is thinking about changing his behaviour at present, in the present."
THE ROLE OF THE UNITED STATES As far as the United States is concerned, it has its own interests in the area of Eastern Europe and the former Yugoslavia. The mutual antagonisms and conflicts, the impoverishment and the inability to function independently in the political, economical or any other plane of the little countries created in the former Yugoslavia are a favourable ground in order to implement the United States' economic, political and in particular military presence in Europe. Especially this last one is very important, because after the fall of the Warsaw Pact, the US military presence in Western Europe has lost any kind of pretext or justification. So it is not surprising that the United States has been active in establishing this sorry situation that is currently in effect in the majority of the Balkan countries. After the break-up of the Eastern Bloc, some kind of Cold War has continued in this context in order to prevent in any way the survival of a society which could serve as an example of a successful alternative to this current simple introduction of the -- or imposition of the capitalist model. Two different problems. In any case, Yugoslavia was not to outlive the Warsaw Treaty, because the Eastern European countries would have an uncomfortable example of independent development and an alternative to unquestioning acceptance of the values of the West, thus posing an obstacle to the new world order as introduced or imposed by the United States as the only remaining superpower in the world, namely the transformation of the world to a corporation society under the leadership of the World Bank and the United States where robbery would be the main motive. It is a well-known thing that the US Congress in March adopted a foreign operation law stopping all assistance to Yugoslavia except for democratic parties, and then neo-Nazis and fundamentalists were included among these democratic parties that were supposed to be assisted. Later on, Albanian terrorists, too, and Albanian separatists all the way along. It is a well-known thing that this privatised MPRI, Military Resources -- Resourcing Incorporated, played with the Croatian army and in the final stages of the Croatian offensive against the Krajina. This also confirms that American action in relation to the Yugoslav crisis had as its aim the maintaining of US presence in Europe, including Kosovo and Macedonia, as well as the influence of the US and NATO throughout Europe. Economic interest as an interest that stands above all others is one that I believe I need not refer to here and now. Such aspirations for domination in this area are the only explanation for some irrational actions at first glance taken by the United States. For example, influencing Alija Izetbegovic to withdraw his signature on the Cutileiro plan. And also what is less known is that the Vance-Owen and Owen-Stoltenberg plans were thwarted in some stages. It is obvious that it was not in the interest of the US to have peace in the Balkans until [so long as? - PB] the military presence of the US and NATO were not ensured and conditions were not created to have a solution found under US patronage. The US insisted in Rambouillet on NATO military presence throughout Yugoslavia, and also this aggression which had as its aim the occupation of Kosovo, the occupation of all of Yugoslavia, and ensuring the lasting presence of NATO throughout the area. The administration of William Clinton got involved in dangerous liaisons with Islamist fundamentalists, and they include the Hezbollah, al Qaeda, the KLA terrorists in Kosovo, et cetera. So it is precisely those individuals and organisations that, after the 11th of September, have considered -- have been considered the greatest threat to the United States and to the world in general. The price that has to be paid for this policy of the Clinton administration is an enormous one and has to be paid, unfortunately, by innocent citizens throughout the world, including American citizens, but others, too, like Spaniards, et cetera.
THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY However, if the aspirations and objectives of Germany and the Vatican and the USA in the Yugoslav crisis were more or less evident, what is shocking is the behaviour of the members of the other members of the European Community, later on the European Union, especially under German influence. In spite of the declaration of the European Community about Yugoslavia, and I quote: "A democratic Yugoslavia has the best prospect of fitting into a new Europe appropriately." After Slovenia and Croatia were recognised and after an armed conflict broke out, the European parliament, in Strasbourg in 1991, adopted a resolution which did not support unilateral secession of these two Yugoslav republics. Other organs of the European Community also supported the territorial integrity of Yugoslavia. A Euro-American forum at the OSCE Council of Ministers at their meeting in Berlin on the 19th of January, 1991, adopted a declaration and it, inter alia, expressed its support to the territorial integrity and unity of Yugoslavia in line with Helsinki. What was particularly underlined was maintaining the territorial integrity of the country. [.....] Nevertheless, the European Community, an organisation that came into being as the result of a progressive process in Europe and in the world, opted finally towards the end of 1991 to support a retrograde movement, that is to say secession in Croatia and Slovenia and other secessionist republics, and on the 17th of December, 1991 it adopted a declaration on the criteria for recognising the newly-established states in the Soviet Union and in Eastern Europe and a declaration about Yugoslavia, calling upon all Yugoslav republics to submit requests by the 23rd of December including proof that they have met criteria for independence. In this way, the European Community not only trampled on what it said itself on the 26th of March, 1991, in its own declarations but also in another document, an EC declaration in Rome, the 8th of November, 1991, that requests for independence put forth by those republics who so wish can only be looked at in a particular context. The role of Germany is clear in the change of this position of the 12. Nevertheless, it comes as a surprise and it is self-defeating that 12 states permitted themselves to be coerced into doing something that they in principle did not agree with. And all of this was done under the pressure of one of these 12 states only. [.....]
ETHNIC CLEANSING OF SERBS IN KOSOVO In relation to Kosovo, I wish to say only a few things which, with hindsight, show how correct Yugoslavia's approach was. What happened? What are the consequences? In the first year of the foreign presence in Kosovo and Metohija, from the moment the JNA and the Serbian police withdrew from this Serbian province in June 1999, 5.000 acts of terrorism were perpetrated in Kosovo and Metohija, in one year alone. Several thousand people were killed or abducted. One hundred and fifty churches were destroyed. Had 150 mosques or Catholic churches or synagogues been demolished anywhere in the world, the whole world would be buzzing about it. Under the auspices and protection of the United Nations, all these crimes were committed, trampling on the UN resolution, transforming the security forces of the United Nations into forces of occupation in collaboration with the Albanian terrorists. Over 300.000 inhabitants were expelled under the auspices of the United Nations and in collaboration with them. On the other side, more than 200.000 Albanians, foreign citizens, moved into Kosovo, mostly from Albania and other countries. Persecution of all non-Albanians continued with undiminished fervor and continues to this day. As a result of this criminal hysteria, almost everything that is Serbia and non-Albanian has already been cleansed from Kosovo, and that is the reason for the fall in volume and in scale, because there is less and less that this violence can be directed towards. Even what little is left that is not Albanian in Kosovo and Metohija has been too much for these terrorists, so that the combination of the anti-Serb violence in Kosovo and Metohija occurred on the 17th of March this year, after the most recent efforts by witness Halid Barani, who testified here. He, of course, is not the only criminal who has testified here. Numerous criminals has testified here, but this has been proved. Halid Barani with his new invented story of the alleged Serbian crime against three Albanian boys who drowned in the river allegedly fleeing from their Serbian persecutors gave the signal, the green light for a hysterical mass assault on everything Serbian, for which reason KFOR arrested him as well ... This pogrom of the Serbian people in Kosovo and Metohija is the result of a joint criminal enterprise between this institution and its witnesses whose interest the defence here -- and with whom it collaborates and those who are behind it with the most retrograde movement engendered in Europe in history. Bearing in mind what happened in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially the evident continuity between the separatist and nationalist tendencies and movements and their pro-Nazi and extremist predecessors from World War II, and bearing in mind the irrational fervor and zeal with which this so-called Prosecution tries to justify the acts of those who persist in revising the results of two world wars and to achieve what they did not manage to achieve because they were defeated in those wars, then a very worrying conclusion emerges that the joint criminal enterprise, of which this institution is a participant, is far broader, both by the number of participants and the criminal plan and the time span and the territory involved. Today many in the West are trying to justify the violence perpetrated by the terrorists in Kosovo by saying it is revenge for the long-term terror and repression over the Albanian population in Kosovo and Metohija. This is a lie. Where are these people who were persecuted and imprisoned all those years? These arguments are not only based on false facts but they cannot hold water in the face of historical continuity. The historical continuity of the persecution of the Serbian and Christian population of the territory of Kosovo and Metohija from the times of the Turkish occupation with short breaks until today, although there were really no interruptions to speak of. The ethnic cleansing of the Serbs from Kosovo and Metohija has a long history, and it became especially intensive after the founding of the so-called Albanian League in Prizren in 1878 which drew up the idea of creating a Greater Albania. Konstantin Jiricek, the eminent historian, says of the old Serbia that is Kosovo from 1878 to 1912, 150.000 Serbs were expelled, amounting to a quarter of the Serbian population. In addition to many Russian, French, and other sources, this process is also dealt with in British documents, diplomatic documents, for example, by Sir George Banham to the Marquess of Lansdowne in 1901, where he speaks of the expulsions of Serbs and then about the expulsion of large numbers of Serbian families, but I have no time to quote this right now. The development of the situation in Kosovo and Metohija has shown that nothing has changed in the methods of de-Serbianising the area. On the contrary, the policy of pressure and terror over Serbs and Montenegrins by Albanians has become even worse, and this became especially evident during World War I, especially during the withdrawal of the Serbian troops through Albania in 1915. And there are numerous documents about this. When at the beginning of World War II Italy created the puppet Greater Albania, including the largest part of Kosovo and Metohija, this was an opportunity for new terror over the non-Albanian primarily Serbian population, as evidenced by the statement of Mustafa Kroja, the Prime Minister of June 1941 of the puppet Albanian state, who said: "Maximum efforts have to be invested to expel all the Serbs from Kosovo, to take them to concentration camps in Albania. The immigrants who are Serbs have to be killed." Reminding you of the statement made by the Albanian Prime Minister, a famous historian says that from the beginning of the war, April 1941 to August 1942, killed 10.000 Serbs and expelled hundreds of thousands of people. A similar number of Albanians moved from Albania to Kosovo. Herman Neuebacher, special envoy of the Third Reich to south-eastern Europe wrote in 1943 in the autumn: "The Albanians have hurried to expel as many Serbs as possible from the country. When General Nedic bitterly complained to me, I urgently recommended to the Albanian government to stop the persecution. When I saw that my intervention did not produce any results, I asked to resign from my mission in Albania." And this was written by the -- by a man authorised by the Third Reich, a Nazi, and he was horrified by this. Priest Makarije, on the 3rd of April, 1968 wrote to Serbian Patriarch German because the Yugoslav authorities after World War II concealed the persecution of the Serbs from the public, especially the public outside of Kosovo, he says: "The Albanians are again showing their historic hatred towards the Serbs. We are in a difficult situation, more difficult than during Austria and Turkey. Violence is an everyday occurrence. Thefts in the middle of the day, insults. You probably hear from others what is going on with Serbs from Kosmet." The department for internal affairs in the province in 1966 says: "In high schools, gymnasiums, and teacher training colleges, nationalism is legally being taught to the youth. Enemy activity is growing and there are more and more activities like this. Physical attacks against Serbs and Montenegrins in order to expel them are also happening, and there are publicly hostile speeches being made in public places." Russian Balkans expert Professor Elena Guskova, in her book The History of the Yugoslav Crisis From 1990 to 2000, on page 444, says: "Demonstrations in the province are followed by diversion or acts of sabotage in factories, dispersion of flyers in order to turn the province into an ethnically clear territory. The chauvinists are using all sorts of methods, including the threat of physical exterminations of Serbians and Montenegrins. They have been burning Orthodox monuments, houses, taking others' land by force, and limiting freedom of movement. The consequence of that is the mass departure of Serbian families from this area. From out of 1.451 settled places in 1981, there were no Serbs except in six of them. There are only 216 Serbs left there. During the ten years in this place, there was Albanian terrorism in play which was very hard to suppress. During these ten years less than 10 per cent of Serbs remained in the territory." So the term "ethnic cleansing," "ethnically clean," began to be used for the first time and appeared in relation to these events. And your witness here - Slovenian professor of law, of constitutional law, Ivan Kristan - in an article entitled The Constitutional Position of Autonomous Provinces in the SFRY, which was published in 1981, and I note in 1981, says, and I'm quoting from this article of his: "The Albanian nationalist concept of an ethnically clean or pure state of Kosovo and the unification of all Albanians into one territory violates all of the objectives achieved after World War II. Instead of equality of peoples and ethnicities, they are encouraging them to check their numbers all the time and they are engendering chauvinism." This is cited by the Slovenian professor here, who testified here, and he said this in 1981. I continue to quote him: "Against other peoples and nationalities, pressures are being exerted and there are chauvinist excesses which go as far as to make the members of certain ethnic groups move out. This has been going on for a while in Kosovo from where a considerable number of Serbs and Montenegrins have moved out, so that according to the census of 1981 in comparison to the one from 1970, there are much fewer members of these two ethnicities than before." [....] Kristan, and I'm repeating, this is an article by a witness of yours from 1981, who points to a crucial link between the greater Albanian fascist movement from World War II, the so-called Balists, with the separatist Albanian movement of the 1980s, the same movement, the same participant which at the end of the 20th century, and especially intensely from 1988 grew into overt terrorism with secessionist motives and by terrorist means and in cooperation with the aggressor troops from 90 NATO countries, finally ethnically cleansed of Serbs and other nationalities this birthplace of Serbian culture. This link and the continuity of greater Albanian fascists from World War II, Kristan says in the cited article the following: "The irridentist aspirations of Albanian nationalists in Kosovo are not recent. They actually appear as an extension of various quisling and fascist organisations." [Not clear where quotation ends - PB] Greater Albanian aspirations and territorial pretensions of Albania are not dead and gone and they date back from World War II, together with their German and Italian Nazis and fascists. We see by the conduct coming from Albania and Kosovo and Metohija the General-Secretary of the Albania Communist Party, Enver Hodza, thus, in a letter to the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party in 1949 relying on the conflict of Yugoslavia with Stalin at the time wrote, I quote: "The Berlin Congress and the Versailles Peace Treaty unjustly damaged the interests of Albania and the Albanian national minority in Kosovo. They did not agree with this resolution of that question and they do not wish to remain within the borders of Yugoslavia independent of its political order. Their only solution would be to politically join Albania." The mentioned Russian historian Elena Guskova, in her quite voluminous work, says: "The separatist activity of the radically minded section of Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija started immediately after World War II and did not stop for a second. Already in 1956 the security service discovered in the province several groups which a few years earlier were infiltrated to Kosmet from Albania in order to create illegal nationalist organisations. At the end of the '50s and in the early '60s the organisation of the revolutionary movement for the reunification of Albanians was active in Kosmet and it was headed by Adem Demaci." Citing that in the course of the '60s, Albanian terror became much more active, meaning that the Albanian separatists in that period organised "provocations, sabotages, and that they attacked religious facilities," the same author explains that the situation did not calm down even in the '70s despite the fact that in 1974, Kosmet practically was ripped away from the legal system of Serbia, and citing an interview that the number one person of the police, the minister of internal affairs, a Croat, by the way, Franjo Herljevic gave, says that he cited the following fact, and I quote: "From 1974 until 1981, the security organs discovered over 1.000 people who were involved in undermining the system from the positions of Albanian nationalism. Many of them, according to him, are linked to one of the most active organisations of the so-called red front. It's a pro-Albanian organisation active in the territory of the Western countries directed and channeled by the Albanian Party of Labour. Following the unrests of the Albanian separatists from March 1981, the Albanian separatist movement openly advocates the idea of a Kosovo republic or the secession of Kosovo from Serbia and then from Yugoslavia, and finally this territory joining the territory of Albania." If you look at the demographic structure of Kosovo and Metohija at the end of the 19th century and then at the end of the 20th century, you can see that it had drastically changed, to the detriment of the Serbs. The biggest changes took place specifically during the crimes which occurred during World War II from 1941 to 1945. After the adoption of the constitution in 1974, each political, judicial or executive power in Kosovo was in the hands of the Albanian minority there. In particular from 1966 and then of course following the adoption of the constitution in 1974, the Albanians in this part of Serbia used this power to harass the Serbian majority and to flame inter-ethnic intolerance, which resulted in daily expulsions of Serbs instead of the essential spirit of tolerance and understanding and civilised cultivation of relations with other people. The paradox of this whole situation lies in the fact that the Albanians in Kosovo and Metohija whose leadership claimed that for centuries they were discriminated against actually -- and oppressed, actually achieved such a level of economic prosperity that already in the 1980s you could see a vast difference between the situation in Kosovo and the situation in Albania where they had their own national states, of course in favour of their position in Kosovo and Metohija. The Albanian minority in Serbia, namely in Kosovo and Metohija, went through a rebirth in the scientific, cultural and educational sense, primarily thanks to the educational authorities of Serbia precisely during the period when the Serbian population in the province drastically reduced. Of course there was also the moving out of Serbian intellectuals under pressure from Kosovo. Only in the course of 1981, scores of doctors left the medical centre in Pristina. Scores of professors of university were leaving the faculties in Pristina. On the other hand, the Greater Albanian chauvinist propaganda achieved its peak from 1975 to 1980 following the adoption of the 1974 constitution giving a province attributes of statehood. Between Yugoslavia and Serbia, actually between Kosovo and Metohija and the neighbouring Albania, there was practically no border. And this was during the golden era of the rule of Enver Hodza in Tirana. To the extent that the Kosovo Albanians during the time of Tito were given ever growing autonomous rights, their appetites for even greater independence grew as the first step towards secession. The first mass destructive demonstration date from November 1968. It became evident that later, following the period of 1980, they were no longer satisfied with broad autonomy and guaranteed political and human rights as provided for under the constitution of 1980, and this was expressed in the mass rebellion of Albanian separatists in the spring of 1981 under the slogan of the creation of Kosovo Republika, Kosovo Republic. And this is also something that was mentioned by your witness Ivan Kristan.
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