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Albanian education dates back to the 17th century. The first
Albanian school opened in Korca in 1887.The first Albanian
school in Kosova opened in Prizren in 1889.The first
Albanian school for girls opened in Korce in 1891.The first
school, training teachers (pedagogical high school) opened
in Bucharest, Romania in 1892, while in Albania a school of
this kind, "Normalja", opened in Elbansan district in
December 1909, according to the decision of the National
Congress of Education, held on 02/09/1909."Normalja" of
Elbasan opened and closed 5 times since the Congress of
Lushnja, 1920, due to repression by young Turk occupiers.
The first masters of this school were Luigj Gurakuqi,
Aleksander Xhuvani, Sali Ceka and its first professors
included Sotir Peci, Kostaq Cipo, Simon Shuteriqi, Kahreman
Ylli, Qamil Guranjaku and others.Some 63 of the students of
this school laid down their lives for the liberation of
their homeland during the World War II.Until 1939 only 643
primary schools could be counted. They were attended only by
1/4 of the children of this age.
Primer of Albanian Language
The first primer of the Albanian language, that of 1844,
titled "Short and useful Albanian Evetar (primer)" was
prepared by a distinguished figure of the Albanian
Renaissance, Naum Veqilharxhi. The preparation and
realisation of this primer ranked Albania among the
civilized countries, showing that this small country has its
people with their characteristics, language and customs, and
with a treasure inherited from generations. This first
educational - cultural programme was reedited in 1845,
titled "New abanian Evetar (primer) for initiate boys", with
50 pages and some reading passages. Veqilharxhi's work was
carried on by Kostandin Kristoforidhi, another distinguished
figure of the National Renaissance, who published a primer
in Geg and Tosk dialects and taught Albanian to many
compatriots during his trips over Albania.The new era of
school books and preparation of a national school was
prepared by the renowned figures such as J.Vreto, S.Frashri,
P. Vasa, K. Hoxhi, who, during the period of the Albanian
League of Prizren, 1879, published the "Primer of Albanian
language". Other distinguished figures, in Albania and
abroad, continued to work devotedly for the realisation of
the primer. They were Luigj Gurakuqi (1905), Parashqevi
Qirjazi (1906), Nikolla Lako (1906), Simon Shuteriqi (1911)
and others, to be followed by A. Xhuvani, Th. Papapano, M.
Logoreci, J.Minga, creating in this way a good tradition.
The Albanian primer was scientifically worked out after
1944.The recent years primers have been worked out based on
the achievements of linguistics and experience gained at the
Albanian school. They contain illustrations adapted to
psychological peculiarities of the age and linguistic
requirements of the children.
Pre-university education
Currently there are over 4540 pre-university education
institutions, of which 2340 are indergartens, 1815 primary
schools and eight-year schools and around 530 general and
professional high schools. Some 33 new eight-year schools
have been built this year alone and 140 existing buildings
have been reconstructed. Also, a new high school has been
built and 65 others reconstructed. The number of the pupils
in the pre-university education totals 737 400.
Pre-university system is composed of over 2200
kindergartens, of which 1950 are located in villages. They
are attended by 82 000 children and nearly 4 100 nurses work
there. The compulsory education includes 18 515 secondary
schools of which 1525 are located in villages. Nearly 560
000 pupils attend these schools and about 29 500 teachers
work there, of whom 19 500 in villages.
Professional education
The professional school opened for the first time in 1921 -
the technical school of Tirana. The Trade school opened in
1924 and technical school of Golem a year later. Three years
later such schools opened also in Gjirokaster and Berat
where technicians and workers were trained by Albanian and
foreing teachers. During '45 - '90 the number of
professional schools was brought to 380, but many of them
opened without scientific criteria and only served for
propaganda purposes, to show their mass character. Nearly 40
professional schools, of the two levels, three and five
years, are currently operating in 22 districts of the
country. They have different profiles: agricultural,
mechanical, electrical, technological, economic,
construction, textile-confections, on fuel-gas sectors,
forests, veterinary and geology - mines.
Academy of
Sciences
Source: Albanian Government
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