| A | | |
| á | ON | a river |
| aecer/akr | OE/ON | a cultivated piece of land |
| aeppel/epli | OE/ON | an apple (tree) |
| aesc | OE | an ash tree |
| aid | OE | old |
| alorleiri | OE/ON | alder bushes |
| á-mot | OE | a confluence of rivers |
| austr | ON | east |
| B | | |
| baecstan | OE | a baking stone |
| bãkstãn | ME | a flat stone such as bread could be baked on |
| band | ME | the ridge of a hill |
| banna | ON | a cowshed |
| bass | ON | to curse or swear |
| bëam | OE | a tree trunk |
| beinvithr | ON | a holly tree (literally 'bone-wood') |
| bekkr | ON | a stream, a beck |
| belde | ME | a bield or shelter, an animal's den |
| beorg/berg | OE/ON | a hill, a mountain |
| bere | OE | barley |
| bield | dial | a shelter, an animal's den (see 'belde') |
| birki | ON | birch trees |
| bjalli | ON | a round or bell-shaped hill |
| bjork | ON | a birch tree |
| blá | ON | dark, deep blue |
| blaec/blakkr | OE/ON | black |
| blaen | Welsh | a top, a summit |
| bleikr | ON | a light or pale colour |
| blind | OE/ON | having no outlet, hidden, overgrown |
| boga/bogi | OE/ON | a bend (in a river or valley); bow-shaped |
| borg | ON | a fort |
| bõth | ODan | a hut or herdsman's cottage |
| bõtl | OE | a house, a dwelling |
| botm/botn | OE/ON | a low-lying place, a depression, valley bottom |
| bought | Dial | a sheepfold |
| bouzht | ME | a bend (in a river or valley) |
| braken | ME | bracken |
| brame | ME | a bramble or blackberry |
| brant | OE | steep |
| breithr | ON | broad, wide |
| brekka | ON | a hill or slope |
| brende/brent | OE/ON | burned |
| bróc | OE | a brook |
| brocc/brokkr | OE/ON | a badger |
| brycg/bryggja | OE/ON | a bridge |
| bü | ON | a homestead |
| bucc/bukkr | OE/ON | a buck |
| bucca/bokki | OE/ON | a he-goat |
| bula | OE | a bull |
| bulder-stãn | OE | a large boulder, a boulderstone |
| búr | ON | a storehouse |
| bür | OE | a herdsman's cottage |
| burgaesn | OE | a burial place |
| burh | OE | a fortified place |
| burna | OE | a stream |
| buskr | ON | a bush |
| butere | OE | butter |
| buth | ON | a hut, a bothy |
| by | ODan | an isolated farmstead, a village, a hamlet |
| bygg | ON | barley |
| býr | ON | an isolated farmstead, a village, a hamlet |
| bÿre | OE | a byre, a cowshed |
| C | | |
| caester | OE | a walled fortress (from Latin castrum) |
| cald/kaldr | OE/ON | cold |
| caled | Welsh | rapid, rocky, (of a stream) |
| calf/kalfr | OE/ON | a calf |
| camb | OE | a crest or ridge |
| carrec | OWelsh | a rock |
| castel | OE | a castle or fort (from Latin castellum) |
| cateir | Welsh | a chair |
| catt/kattr | OE/ON | a wild-cat |
| caucie | OFr | a causeway or raised road |
| cawm | Welsh | a reed |
| cempe | OE | a warrior |
| cëse | OE | cheese |
| clapper | ME | a rough bridge of large stones |
| cleugh | OE | a ravine |
| clif/klif | OE/ON | a very steep slope or hillside |
| cokelayk | ME | a place where birds play (? a mating dance) |
| col | OE | charcoal |
| collen | Welsh | hazel |
| cot | OE | a cottage |
| cragge | ME | a crag |
| creic | Br | a rock |
| cringol | OE | wrinkled, twisted |
| cros | OE | a cross |
| crumbaco | Br | crooked |
| cumb/cwm | OE | a valley (usually on the flank of a hill) |
| cunetio | Br | a sacred stream |
| Cymry | Welsh | the Welsh people (applied to the Cumbrian people) |
| cyning | OE | a king |
| D | | |
| dael | OE | a dale or valley |
| dakru | Br | a teardrop |
| dalr | ON | a valley or dale |
| daska | ON | a slap |
| deigr | Welsh | a teardrop |
| denu | OE | a narrow wooded valley, a dene |
| derw | Br | an oak tree |
| derwentio | Br | abounding in oak trees |
| djúp | ON | deep |
| docce | OE | dock, sorrel, water-lily |
| dodde | ME | a rounded hill usually bare or grassy |
| drag/dreg | ON | a place where boats must be dragged. A portage |
| dub | dial | a deep pool, a pond |
| dubaco | OWelsh | the dark one |
| dubro | Br | a stream, a river |
| dúfa | ON | a dove or pigeon |
| dun | Gael | a hill-fort, a stronghold |
| dor/doru | OE | a door or gap |
| dwfr | Welsh | a stream, a river |
| dyr | ON | a deer |
| E | | |
| ëa | OE | a river |
| earn | OE | an eagle |
| ëast | OE | east |
| efri | OE | flat, level, even |
| egles | Br | a church |
| eik | ON | oak |
| elptr | ON | a swan |
| elri | ON | alder bushes |
| endi | ON | the end |
| eng | ON | a meadow or outlying pasture |
| Engla | OE | of the Angles |
| ëöwu | OE | a ewe |
| epli | ON | an apple (tree) |
| erg | ON | a shieling, an outlying pasture |
| ermite | ME | a hermit |
| esk | OWelsh | water |
| eski | ON | an ash-tree |
| espi | ON | the aspen tree |
| ey | ON | a small island, a water meadow |
| eyrr | ON | a gravel bank |
| F | | |
| faeger/fagr | OE/ON | fair, pleasant |
| fald | OE | a fold |
| féhús | ON | a cattle shed |
| fjall | ON | a fell, a mountain |
| fit | ON | a meadow, especially a water-mead |
| flatr | ON | flat, level |
| flói/flow | ON/Dial | an open peat-bog, a watery moss |
| ford | OE | a ford |
| forn | ON | old |
| fors | ON | a waterfall, a force |
| fül/fúll | OE/ON | muddy, dirty |
| fyrthe | OE | a wood |
| G | | |
| gafi | ON | a gable |
| gära | OE | a gore or wedge-shaped piece of land |
| garthr | ON | an enclosure, a farmyard |
| gás | ON | a goose |
| gät | OE | a goat |
| gata | ON | a road, a path |
| gaukr | ON | a cuckoo |
| gauth | ON | barking, 'echoing' |
| geat | OE | a gate |
| geit | ON | a goat |
| gemot | OE | a meeting place |
| geoc | OE | a ridge or yoke |
| gil | ON | a narrow ravine (later the stream in the 'gill') |
| gildri | ON | a snare, a trap |
| gliúfr | ON | a ravine |
| glyn | Welsh | a wooded valley, a glen |
| gnipa | ON | a steep rock |
| gol | ON | the wind |
| golde | OE | the marigold, the kingcup |
| gös | OE | a goose |
| gowan | dial | the marsh marigold |
| graeg | OE | grey |
| graes/gres | OE/ON | grass |
| grange | ME/Fr | an outlying farm (usually of a monastery) |
| grein | ON | the fork in a valley where streams meet |
| grëne | OE | green |
| grëot/grjót | OE/ON | grave, stone, small rocks |
| gríss | ON | a pig |
| gwyn | Welsh | white |
| gylping | OE | a gushing stream |
| gymbr | ON | a yearling sheep, a gimmer |
| H | | |
| haeg/hagi | OE/ON | an enclosure, usually for hunting purposes |
| hafri | ON | oats |
| halh | OE | a secluded nook of land (often by a river) |
| hals | ON | a narrow pass, a col, a 'hause' |
| hár | ON | high |
| här | OE | a boundary (from an association with land marks) |
| hara | ON | a hare |
| hárr | ON | hoary, covered with lichen |
| harthr | ON | rough, rocky, hard |
| haugr | ON | a hill, a 'how' |
| haukr | OE | a hawk |
| hëafod | OE | the highest part of a hill, a headland |
| hëah | OE | high |
| hëap | OE | a heap of stones |
| heorot | ON | a hart |
| hestr | OE/ON | a horse |
| hind | ON | a hind |
| hjálmr | ON | a helmet, a cattle-shelter |
| hjól | ON | a wheel |
| hjortr | ON | a hart |
| hlatha | OE | a barn |
| hlith | ON | a slope or hillside |
| hlóra | ON | a roaring (stream) |
| hofuth | OE | the highest part of a hill, a headland |
| höh | OE/ON | a ridge, a spur |
| höl/holr | OE | a hole or hollow |
| holegn | ON | holly |
| holmr | OE/ON | an island or land almost surrounded by water |
| höp/hóp | dial | a small valley |
| how | ON | a small hill, a knoll, a mound (from ON haugr) |
| hrafn | ON | a raven |
| hramsa | ON | wild garlic |
| hreysi | ON | a cairn or large heap of stones |
| hrjóstr | ON | rough, rugged |
| hross | ON | a horse |
| hrycg/hryggr | OE/ON | a ridge, usually with steep slopes |
| hüs/hús | OE/ON | a house |
| hvelpr | ON | a whelp, a cub |
| hvin | ON | furze, gorse |
| hvítr | ON | white |
| hvonn | OE | a hill |
| hyll | ON | angelica |
| hylr | ON | a pool |
| hyrst | OE | a copse, a wooded hillside |
| I | | |
| ikorni | ON | a squirrel |
| illr | ON | steep; also evil, malevolent |
| ingas | OE the | people who live at |
| intak | ON | land enclosed from waste, intake land |
| ir | Welsh | fresh, green |
| Iri | ON | belonging to the Irishmen (i.e. Norse settlers) |
| J | | |
| jafn | ON | flat, level, even |
| K | | |
| kampi | ON | a warrior |
| kartr | ON | rough or rocky ground |
| kattr | ON | a wild-cat |
| kaupaland | ON | land acquired by purchase; 'bought' land |
| kelda | ON | a spring, a well |
| kerling | ON | an old woman, a witch |
| kide | ME | a kid, a young goat |
| kirkja | ON | a church |
| kith | ON | a kid, a young goat |
| kjarr | ON | a marsh |
| kleif | ON | a steep slope |
| knútr | ON | a craggy hill, a rocky outcrop |
| kol | ON | charcoal |
| konungr | ON | a king |
| kot | ON | a cottage, a hut |
| kra | ON | a corner |
| krókr | ON | a crook or bend (in a river) |
| kross | ON | a cross |
| kukra | Br | crooked |
| kvi | ON | a fold or shelter for animals |
| kviga | ON | a heifer |
| L | | |
| laefer | OE | reedy, rushy |
| läd | OE | a vein of ore, a lode |
| lágr | ON | low |
| langr | ON | long |
| látr | ON | an animal's lair |
| lauf | ON | leafy |
| lauthr | ON | foam, lather |
| lëah | OE | a clearing in a wood, a meadow |
| leikr | ON | play |
| lettir | Gael | a slope |
| lim | OE | lime (a sticky substance) |
| lïn/lin | OE/ON | flax |
| lind | ON | a lime tree |
| liwcyl | Br | bright, shining |
| ljós | ON | light, shining |
| llyfyn | Welsh | smooth |
| loch | Gael | a lake |
| lumme | OE | a pool |
| lundr | ON | a grove, a small wood |
| lykkja | ON | a curve or loop |
| lyng | ON | heather, ling |
| M | | |
| maen | Welsh | stony |
| mallacht | Gael | cursed |
| mathra | ON | the madder plant |
| meigh | Br | to urinate, to drizze |
| meloc | Welsh | a little hill |
| melr | ON | a sandhill, a sandbank |
| meos | OE | a marsh |
| mere | OE | a lake or pool |
| micel/mikill | OE/ON | large, great |
| middel | OE | middle |
| mimeto | Br | noise |
| mithr | ON | middle |
| mochyn | Welsh | swine |
| moel | Welsh | a hill, usually round and grassy |
| moldi | ON | a hilltop |
| mör | OE | moorland, wasteland |
| mos/mosi | OE/ON | moss, peat, peat-bog, marsh |
| (ge) mot | OE | a meeting or meeting-place |
| myln | OE | mill |
| myrr | ON | a marsh, mire, swampy ground |
| N | | |
| nabbi | ON | a projecting spur, usually with a steep fall |
| naddr | ON | a wedge-shaped piece of land or valley |
| nes | ON | a headland or promontory |
| nîwe/nýr | OE/ON | new |
| O | | |
| ongul | ON | a fishing hook |
| orn | ON | an eagle |
| orri | ON | a blackcock |
| orrusta | ON | a battle |
| óss | ON | the outfall of a lake, a rivermouth |
| P | | |
| pen/penno | Welsh | a top; head, chief, main |
| pîc/pík | OE/ON | a peak, a sharp summit |
| pol/póllr | OE/ON | a pool or sluggish stream |
| portcwene | OE | a harlot |
| pot/potte | ON/ME | a deep hole, pool or pit |
| R | | |
| rá | ON | boundary mark |
| rann | Olrish | a share (of land) |
| rautande | ON | roaring (present participle of 'rauta') |
| rauthi | ON | trout |
| rauthr | ON | red |
| rëad | OE | red |
| reik (rák) | ON | a path up a hill, a 'rake' |
| rhedyn | Welsh | bracken |
| rhuddawc | Welsh | red |
| rhyd | Welsh | a ford |
| rigging | ME | a ridge |
| rille | OE | a rill or brook |
| rugr/ryge | ON/OE | rye |
| rüh | OE | rough |
| S | | |
| saer | ON | water, lake |
| saetr | ON | hill pastures used in the summer |
| sand | OE | a sandbank |
| saur | ON | muddy |
| scëäp | OE | sheep |
| scearu | OE | a boundary |
| sef | ON | sedge |
| seyla | ON | a muddy place, a dark screen |
| shepman | ME | a shepherd |
| sîc/sík | OE/ON | a ditch or a drainage channel; a marshy stream |
| sine | dial | to drain away, to dry up |
| skáliv | ON | a hut, usually away from the farm, e.g. at a saeter |
| skalli | ON | bare, bald |
| skammr | ON | short |
| skarth | ON | a gap in a ridge often used of a mountain pass |
| sker | ON | a steep crag or precipice, a scar |
| skith | ON | a billet of wood, firewood |
| skjallr | ON | noisy, resounding (usually of water) |
| skógr | ON | a wood |
| skritha | ON | a landslip, a scree |
| skúti/skót | ON | a rocky projection, a rising ridge |
| skyti | ON | an archer |
| slaed | OE | a valley |
| slakki | ON | a depression or shallow valley |
| sletta | ON | a level pasture or field |
| smá | ON | small, narrow |
| smethe | OE | smooth |
| smjor | ON | butter |
| snittle | dial | a snare or noose |
| spön | OE | a wood-chipping such as for roof shingles |
| spretta | ON | to spurt or gush |
| staef | OE | a stave |
| stakkr | ON | a pillar of rock, steep rocks |
| stän | OE | stone |
| stang/stong | OE/ON | a pole or stake, often to mark a boundary |
| stede/stathr | OE/ON | the site of a building, a farmstead |
| steinn | ON | a stone |
| stëör | OE | a steer, a young bullock |
| ster | Welsh | stream |
| sticele | OE | a steep place |
| stig/stigr | OE/ON | a steep path, a ladder |
| stigel | OE | a steep path, a high ridge, (later also a stile) |
| stikill | ON | a sharp peak or Summit |
| stjórr | ON | a steer, a young bullock |
| stoc | OE | a landholding, a demesne |
| stocc/stokkr | OE/ON | the trunk or stump of a tree |
| straet | OE | a paved way |
| strand | OE/ON | the shore of a lake, the bank of a stream |
| strad | OE | marsh overgrown with brushwood |
| sútari/sutere | ON/OE | a cobbler, a shoemaker |
| svartr | ON | dark, black |
| svin | ON | pig, swine |
| svithinn | ON | land cleared by burning |
| T | | |
| thak | ON | thatch, i.e. reeds etc. used for thatching |
| thorn | OE/ON | thorn bushes |
| thräël/thráell | OE/ON | a thrall, serf or slave |
| thveit | ON | a clearing for pasture |
| thyrel | OE | a hollow |
| thyrs/thurs | OE/ON | a giant (with supernatural overtones) |
| tjorn | ON | a tarn or small lake |
| torf | ON | turf, cut peat |
| tottle | dial | to be unsteady, in danger of toppling over |
| trëöw/tré | OE/ON | a tree |
| trüht | OE | a trout |
| tün/tún | OE/ON | a farmstead, an enclosed piece of land, a hamlet |
| tunga | ON | a tongue of land |
| tyri | ON | resinous fir or pine-wood |
| U | | |
| üle/ugla | OE/ON | an owl |
| úlfr | ON | a wolf |
| V | | |
| vandr | ON | an osier |
| varthr | ON | a cairn, a heap of stones |
| vath | ON | a ford |
| vatn | ON | a stretch of water, a lake |
| veithr | ON | hunting, fishing |
| vethr | ON | a wether, a castrated ram |
| vik | ON | a creek, an inlet (usually on the coast) |
| vinstri | ON | the left-hand side |
| vithr | ON | a wood |
| vrá | ON | a corner or secluded nook of land, often close to water |
| vrangr | ON | crooked, twisting, convoluted |
| vreini | ON | a stallion |
| W | | |
| waeter | OE | water, lake |
| wagen | OE | quagmire, quicksand |
| wella | OE | a stream |
| wether | OE | a castrated ram, a wether |
| whinne | ME | furze, gorse |
| wîc | OE | a dairy farm |
| withig | OE | a willow tree |
| wreyne | ME | twisting, winding, convoluted |
| writhan | OE | twisting, winding, convoluted |
| wunden | OE | twisting, winding (of a stream) |