A ploughman or oxherder.


An expert in statistics, especially one who calculates insurance risks, a person who kept
public accounts of business.

An appointee of the court who settles the estate of a deceased who died without leaving
a will, or where an executor is unwilling or unable to serve as executor.

A person who seeks adventures; a mercenary soldier; a commercial speculator; one
who lives by his wits.

A sandwich board man.


A Solicitor, a Lawyer, a person who acted as a prosecutor in a court of law in Scotland. 

A Scottish law officer who could act as public prosecutor. 

A person who possessed an Advowson, normally a nobleman, who had the right to
present a clergyman to a benefice. 

A balloonist or a trapeze artist in the circus or music halls.

An official in the manorial courts who assessed the monetary penalty. They also
collected taxes and dues and were also called Assessor. 

see AGRICULTURAL LABOURER. 

A person who acted on behalf of a company or another person. 

An official of the Royal Forest. In the New Forest, it is the title for the person in charge
of the ponies. 

An unskilled worker on a farm.



A person involved with land cultivation or animal husbandry. 

A person who worked with alabaster. 

A crossbow man. 

A medieval chemist who claimed to be able to turn base metals into gold. 

A senior councillor one position down from Mayor in the local council.

see ALE FOUNDER. 

A seller of ale. 

An official who tested quality and measure of ale served in public houses 

A person who tested ale and beer for quality first recorded in 1377 in London.
Appointed by the Manor and forerunner of the Inspector for Weights & Measures 

A worker employed by the brewery to fill ale casks (tuns} with ale.

A woman who keeps an alehouse or tavern. 

A nickname for a grocer. 

An official appointed by the Court of Sewers who warned the inhabitants of the Trent
River area of higher than normal tides 

[1] Distributor of charity to the needy. 
[2] The person in charge of an Almshouse. 
[3] The title of hospital managers until the 1970's. 

A person who received alms or charity.

An official who examined the quality of woollen goods and stamped them with the town
seal of approval. 

A person who writes what another dictates (words or music) or copies manuscripts; a
secretary or stenographer. 

A person who cut and polished amber and jet for jewellery. 


A person who cut ambergris. 

An officer of the Royal Stable who broke in horses. 

A parish clerk.

A person who made anchors. 

A female hermit or religious recluse. 

A male hermit or religious recluse.

A person who made angle iron i.e. flat iron bars bent at right angles lengthways.

A smallholder (tenant of the manor). 

A taxidermist. 


A young person who helped to drive the cattle to market. 

A person who worked in the manufacture of dyes for paint or printing. 

A person who received an annual income not from working e.g. pensioner. 

A person who made waterproof leggings. 


A person who made anvils and hammers for blacksmiths. 

A beekeeper. 

A chemist, druggist, pharmacist. 

An official who summoned witnesses in the ecclesiastical courts.

A person who appraised the value of goods i.e. a broker. 

A person who was bound to a skilled worker for a specified time to learn a trade. 

A slang term used in London for a shopkeeper. 

A mechanic. 

A waterman. 

A person who sold alcohol. 

A person who judged disputes. 

A person skilled in using a bow and arrow. 

A physician. 

A person who made a violet dye from lichens, used in the textile industry. 

A person who kept records of historical value. 

A skilled craftsman who produced "arks" (wooden chests or coffers). 

Someone entitled to bear heraldic arms. A squire who carried the armour of a knight. 

A person who made suits of armour or plates of armour for buildings or ships etc. 

[1] A contriver (q.v.) 
[2] An army or navy mechanic who does repairs to military equipment. 

A skilled tradesman. 

A person who prepared fireworks displays. 


A dustman. 

The person who determined the amount of gold or silver to go in coins. 

A person who determined the proportions of metal in ore.

A person who made the carpenters augers (used for boring holes in wood). 

See ALNAGER. 

A goldsmith.

Hay and Forage Merchant. 


Another term for the lord of the manor. 

A person who made axles for coaches and wagons.