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Extract from The British Population by Colman and Salt

 

The Irrelevant Rise Of Scientific Medicine


In the enlightenment of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, scientific medicine finally struggled out from beneath the dead hand of classical authority. Armed with the new empirical understanding of the human body and its functions from Vesalius, Harvey, Malpighi, Hooke, Baillie, and others, respect for medicine grew and the profession expanded, although London and Edinburgh remained the only British medical schools. Altogether twenty-five provincial hospitals were established in the eighteen century, usually by individual benevolence, as in Radcliffe’s Oxford Infirmary of 1770, and several more in London to join the medieval foundations of Bart’s and St. Thomas’s and the specialist Bethlem and Bridewell. In view of this heightened activity it is hardly surprising that medicine should be given credit for the decline in mortality. But it has been long established that medical knowledge of the time could not cure any important cause of death, could prevent only smallpox, and with a few exceptions remained impotent until the present (20th.) century.