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Extracts from London Labour And The London Poor,

volume 1  by Henry Mayhew (first published 1861)

 

On the hawking of tea


Until about eight or ten years ago, tea was extensively hawked - from house to house almost - “on tally”. The tally system is, that wherein “weekly payments” are taken in liquidation of the cost of the articles purchased, and the trade is one embodying much of evil and much of trickery …

The branch of the tea trade closely connected with the street business is that in tea leaves. The exhausted leaves of the tea-pot are purchased of servants or of poor women, and they are made into “new” tea.. One gentleman - to whose information, and to the care he took to test the accuracy of his every statement, I am bound to express my acknowledgements - told me that it would be fair to reckon that in London 1,500 pounds (weight) of tea-leaves were weekly converted into new tea, or 78,000 pounds in the year! …

The old tea-leaves, to be converted into new, are placed by the manufacturers on hot plates, and are re-dried and re-dyed. To give the “green” hue, a preparation of copper is used. For the “black” no dye is necessary in the generality of cases. This tea-manufacture is sold to “cheap” or “slop” shopkeepers, both in town and country, and is almost always sold ready mixed.

 … The trade is anything but agreeable, and the customers are often exacting. They seem to fancy, however cheaply and well they may be supplied, that the tea-seller is under obligation to them; that their custom will be the making of him, and, therefore, they expect some compliment in return. The consequence is, that very often, unless he be willing to be accounted a “shabby man”, the tea-dealer is obliged, of a Saturday night, to treat his customers, to ensure a continuance of their custom. Other customers take care to be absent at the time he calls. Those who are anxious to run up bills, perhaps, keep out of the way purposely for two or more successive nights of the dealer’s calling, who, notwithstanding, cannot very well avoid serving such customers.