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It is impossible to date, with absolute accuracy, the age of the Earth but in that it is no different from any other science-based theory. Homo sapiens has only been resident for some 50,000 years so we were, unfortunately, unable to witness the birth of our planet.
The key to the age of the Earth is observable phenomena ... that is phenomena observable & measurable today can give us the information we need to discover past events and their timings.
The major methods of achieving this are:
These methods all tend to agree that the Earth is between 3.8 and 5 billion years old.
Whilst radiometric dating techniques have been used the figures bounding the age have been determined by entirely different means. The Earth can be no older than the universe and at least as old as its oldest feature. The icecaps, showing annual deposition layers, can be accurately dated back 2.4 million years and the silt deposits of the Niger River can be used to set a lower bound of 45 million years. Calcification rates in fossils prove ages out to approximately 500 million years and stratified rock can be used to prove values out to around a billion years whilst metamorphic rock can be dated back to around 4.5 billion years.
Geologists now date the Earth at 4.55 billion years, a date derived for a number of reasons.
It is worth noting that none of the typical creationist arguments such as atmospheric helium accumulation, oceanic metal accumulation, lunar dust, lunar distance, the shrinkage of the sun, the Earth's magnetic field or it's spin represent a particular problem for science. All, without exception, are based on outmoded views, distortions of the evidence or outright lies.
It is also worth noting that in order to replace evolution with a 'young Earth' creation model it must be demonstrated that all of developmental biology, geography, physics, geology and much of chemistry are all fatally flawed. Nothing so far has proved this to be the case.
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