Creationists & Fundamentalists do not ask novel questions ... novel thought is a reasoned & rational process requiring open-ended, open-minded research. These are not a typical creationist or fundamentalist attributes and they appear to be taught, parrot fashion, by their evangelistic masters (the Kent Hovind's and Josh McDowell's of this world) that there are significant flaws in evolutionary fact & theory. Despite the fact that they have been answered (quite thoroughly answered or "debunked" as it known to the defenders of science) time after time after time these sad individauls come forward smugly & confidently with those same assertions and, most times, retreat licking their wounds and wondering why they get so badly savaged. It does not cross what passes for their minds that we have met the same argument from every other creationist that came before them and are sick & tired of the same old garbage.

The law of averages dictates that their MUST be some intelligent creationists out there (though I have yet to meet one ... it's probably worth saying to any creationists reading this that persistence and refusal to recognise that their arguments have been destroyed does not equate to intelligence) but the vast majority are somewhat at a disadvantage in intellectual terms. It takes a special sort of stupidity to believe, in the face of all the evidence to the contrary, that any real claim of special (divine) creation could have actually ocurred. As such ALL questions appear to be some variation on one or more of the standard Creation Question List.

Creationism (or rather Creation "Science") is rather different from simple faith as it makes claims that Evolution is also a faith just like Creation or Creation is a science just like evolution (which one it is appears to depend on how many days there are in the month, whether the moon is full or the price of cacao in African street markets).

The purpose of this page and sub-pages is to provide defenders of science and (hopefully) commited evolutionists with a range of answers (from simple up to comprehensive) that can be copied & pasted to form answers to these questions.

The following questions are based on the questions found at Creationist Kent Hovind's web site (http://www.drdino.com) supplemented by questions of our own experience from forums in which we debate.

1. Where did the space for the universe come from?
2. Where did matter come from (where did the necessary chemicals/materials arise to create life & the universe)?
3. Where did the laws of the universe come from (gravity, inertia etc.)?
4. How did matter get so perfectly organised (increasing complexity following the "Big Bang" is contrary to the Second Law of Thermodynamics)?
5. Increasing complexity and the information required to created goes against the fundamental tenets of Information Theory.
6. Where did the energy come from to do all the organising (according to The First Law of Thermodynamics it is not possible to create something from nothing i.e. the universe did not exist and then it did)?
7. How were galaxies formed (where did they come from)?
8. The law of "The Conservation of Angular Momentum" dictates that when objects are thrown from a spinning object (as the mass of the universe is claimed to have been thrown out from the "Big-Bang") will retain the same spin as their parent body. Many celestial bodies have spins that go in opposite directions to others thus proving that the universe cannot have been formed from a "big-bang".
9. The moon is evidence that the universe was formed within the last 10,000 years ... if it was billions of years old there would be a deep layer of dust on the surface but when Apollo 11 landed there was only a few centimetre (enough for a mere 8000 years).
10. The Earth (along with the universe) was divinely created the world 6,000-10,000 years ago (corollary: The Earth is not 4.5 billion years old).
11. Sampling ice cores does not prove the Earth is older than 10,000 years (i.e. ice caps may not have been deposited at the rate of one per year and so may not prove the Earth is "at least" 2.4 million years old).
12. The claim that life on earth is 3.5 billion years old cannot be treated seriously because, according to scientific method, it is not possible to observe, reproduce or prove it.
13. The oldest documentation dates back a maximum of 8000 years ... this further supports the age of the Earth as less than 10,000
14. Kelvin (a scientist) stated that the Earth was not old enough for evolution to have occurred.

1. When, where, why did life come from dead matter. Variations: Everyone knows that life only comes from life/like begets like. What is so scientific about the idea of hydrogen gas becoming human? The 3rd stage of current hypothesis of abiogenesis: the probability of ribose and bases spontaneously assembling into nucleosides is low which makes their activation low, implying impossibility, because it would likely have never reached that stage)?
2. When, where, why and how did life learn to reproduce itself?
3. With what did the first cell capable of sexual reproduction reproduce.
4. Why would any form of life want to reproduce (and create more of its own kind) as this creates reduces resource availability and decreases the chance of survival.
5. How can mutations i.e. the recombining of genetic code, create new/improved varieties.
6. Is it possible that similarities in design between different animals prove a common creator instead of common ancestor?
7. Natural selection only works with the genetic information available and tends only to keep a species stable. How would you explain the increasing complexity of the genetic code that must have occurred if evolution were true?
8. When, where, why, and how did:
   • Single-celled plants become multi-celled? (Where are the two and three-celled intermediates?)
   • Single-celled animals evolve?
   • Fish change to amphibians?
   • Amphibians change to reptiles?
   • Reptiles change to birds? (The lungs, bones, eyes, reproductive organs, heart, method of locomotion, body covering, etc., are all very different!)
   How did the intermediate forms live?
9. When, where, why, how, and from what did [substitute specific animal, organ or tissue] evolve?
10. Which evolved first (how, and how long, did it work without the others)?
    • The digestive system, the food to be digested, the appetite, the ability to find and eat the food, the digestive juices, or the body's resistance to its own digestive juice (stomach, intestines, etc.)?
    • The drive to reproduce or the ability to reproduce?
    • The lungs, the mucus lining to protect them, the throat, or the perfect mixture of gases to be breathed into the lungs?
    • DNA or RNA to carry the DNA message to cell parts?
    • The termite or the flagella in its intestines that actually digest the cellulose?
    • The plants or the insects that live on and pollinate the plants?
    • The bones, ligaments, tendons, blood supply, or muscles to move the bones?
    • The nervous system, repair system, or hormone system?
    • The immune system or the need for it?
11. There are many thousands of examples of symbiosis that defy an evolutionary explanation. Why must we teach students that evolution is the only explanation for these relationships?
12. How would evolution explain mimicry? Did the plants and animals develop mimicry by chance, by their intelligent choice, or by design?
13. When, where, why, and how did man evolve feelings? Love, mercy, guilt, etc. would never evolve in the theory of evolution.
14. How did photosynthesis/thought/flowering planets evolve?
15. What kind of evolutionist are you? Why are you not one of the other eight or ten kinds?
16. What would you have said fifty years ago if I told you that I had a living coelacanth in my aquarium?
17. Is there one clear prediction of "Macro Evolution" that has proved true?
18. Do you honestly believe that everything came from nothing?
19. Darwin's theory has been utterly destroyed by the University of Florida's Michael Fondlan in his paper "Darwinism and evolutionism, the difference".
20. Darwinism claims that animals can radiate from one continent to another, but then requires that an ocean be impassable for speciation to occur
21. Darwin even admitted his theory doesn't make sense
22. "Micro-evolution" is not "true" evolution, as there is no increase in genetic complexity or new traits merely the emphasis of already present traits over others.
23. "Macro-evolution", the large-scale change of one type of organism into another, is beyond the ability of mutation coupled with natural selection (an alternate form of H10).
24. The majority of evolutionary evidence of change are of a "micro-evolution" (adaptation or variations within a type) nature and responsible for the large numbers of species found within a type.
25. Pasteur proved that abiogenesis is impossible
26. How could billions of animals and cell types evolve even over the billions of years claimed (an alternate form of H15)?
27. How have complex organs evolved by chance e.g. heart, lungs, brain etc (an alternate form of H15)?
28. If the human race has been in existence for 50,000 years or more then why do we not have documented instances of evolution? In such a time period surely a limb, a finger or some such evolve? Whilst adaptation and mutations occur there is no evidence to indicate that such processes have ever formed a new kind of animal.
29. Organic species do not evolve they arise from seed.
30. Sudden "explosions" of land-dwelling amphibians, rapid expansion of mammals and the rapid use of the avian frame to exploit flightless niches weigh heavily in favour of creation (an alternate form of H13).
31. The Theory of Evolution has evolved so that it is no longer the same as that proposed by Charles Darwin.
32. Where did evolution come from?
33. When two species interbreed they sometimes create a hybrid (e.g. Horse & Donkey à Mule) which taxonomy would dictate is a new species ... why don't the animals just get matched up in "kinds" in order to ascertain whether there has ever been a mutation?
34. How can chance account for the development of such complex organisms?
35. If you toss bricks in the air, you get a pile of bricks, not a wall (variation on 31).
36. A tornado ripping through a junkyard makes a messier junkyard, not a fully functional Volkswagen (variation on 31).
37. If I'm walking in the woods and come across a watch ... (???variation on 31???).
38. Jaw joint couldn't have evolved into ossicles because that would require a transitional form that was deaf and had an unhinged jaw (an alternate form of H15)?
39. There have never been any transitionals found because they never happened (an alternate form of H15)?
40. Archaeopteryx is really a bird/really a reptile (an alternate form of H15)?
41. Lucy is really a human/really an ape (an alternate form of H15)?
42. Reptile-mammal transitionals are really reptiles/really mammals (an alternate form of H15)?
43. What good is 5% of a [whatever organ] (an alternate form of H15)?
44. How did ___________ evolve? [fill in blank with any organ or organism] (an alternate form of H15)?
45. The Irreducible Complexity argument: how can one (organ, enzyme, ...) change when all the others depend on its existence/non-existence/current function (and associated mousetrap analogy) ... (an alternate form of H15)?
46. Evolution necessitates that better organisms replace more primitive organisms, so why does moss sometimes replace "higher" grass on a lawn (corollary: if evolution were correct, you wouldn't need to weed your garden)?
47. If evolution necessitates progress, why are we (the pinnacle of evolution) not the best at "pulling, seeing, smelling, running, tracking, and working hard" (variation on 46)
48. If we evolved from apes, why are apes still around (variation on 45/46)?
49. Mutations rarely occur, and are always harmful
50. Evolutionists try to tell us that evolution proceeds by saltationist/"Hopeful Monster" theory
51. Evolutionists try to tell us that evolution's process leaves a perfect continuum of organisms
52. Respected evolutionists have even said that (baboons, chimps etc.) aren't really our ancestors.
53. Evolutionists can't agree on a genealogy for (horses, humans etc.)
54. Re pre-adaptation: how does the organ/organism know what to pre-adapt for?
55. No mutations have ever been observed. New characteristics may just be recessive genes that were always there.
56. Natural selection is a tautology: it states that "those who leave the most offspring leave the most offspring"
57. Natural selection is an impossibility: it states that "those who leave the most offspring will survive" (variation on 54)
58. The Urey-Miller experiment [demonstrating important steps toward abiogenesis] is really evidence for the creationists' side, because the experiment was designed

1. That the fossil record is one of "fully-formed abrupt appearance" and "stasis" (that is, no change over time) denies the concept of evolution i.e. in that there are no transitional species (an alternate form of H13).
2. The fossil record contradicts evolutionists claims e.g. if dinosaurs only existed before humans why are there fossilised human footprints next to a T-Rex foot print in Texas (dates to the same age in by carbon 14 method)?
3. The geologic column may be inaccurate due to meteor impacts and similar.
4. Order of rock strata is reversed in some places -- and evolutionists have the gall to invoke ad hoc explanations like "yeah, rock strata flip over all the time" (variation on 3)
5. There is no evidence in the fossil record to support the claim that humans have existed for 50 thousand years and hominids for 3 million.
6. The "geologic column" is the result of a devastating global flood, which occurred approx. 5,000 years ago (the Noahic Flood).
7. Where are all the transitional fossils that evolution claims should be abundant?
8. Geological dating is a tautology: find age of rock from age of fossil; find age of fossil from age of rock
9. Man tracks have been found next to dinosaur tracks
10. And what about the cave drawings of dinosaurs in Rhodesia?
11. Mammals are above crustaceans in the fossil record because lower critters were buried more easily, whereas animals with legs and wings clambered to safety atop hills/in the sky/... before being buried. (angiosperms must then be more mobile/intelligent than ferns...)

1. The Carbon dating method is inaccurate.
2. C-14 dating has shown modern objects (e.g., recently deceased cats) to be millions of years old (variation on 1)
3. Radio-metric dating methods are inaccurate (given that the world may be only 6000 years old)
4. Creationism/Creation "Science" does not oppose modern science but is simply science working under the assumption (and acknowledgement) that there is a creator.
5. Evolution does not fit the required scientific model because it is impossible to observe the mutation of one species into another (it has never happened), whilst mutation may occur it is impossible to duplicate and it is highly debatable that mutations can cause evolution thus evolution is not falsifiable.
6. Many evolutionists disagree with each other and many admit that if evolution did occur the God started it.
7. Many scientists doubt that spontaneous evolution can have occurred.
8. Unsupported speculation is not an acceptable scientific method, as it cannot be reproduced.
9. Commonly evolutionists respond to various creationist questions with "We don't know..."
10. Evolutionists state theories as fact and attempt to discredit creationism through lies!
11. Evolution is a religion just like creation
12. Creation is a science just like evolution.
13. Proof/disproof of God is within the scope of science.
14. Evolution is not falsifiable.
15. Every science follows the scientific method, except evolution.

1. God's word is infallible
2. Jesus was the Son of God.
3. Creationists have (accurate?) chronologies (from the Bible) dating back to the Old Testament. (Corollary: Genesis states that the earth is young and evolution is impossible)
4. The Bible is the Word of God, entirely inspired by God and written down by men (except for the 10 commandments)
5. The Bible should be used as a manual for our daily life.
6. There is no reason to disbelieve the biblical claim (Genesis) that God created our universe, earth, plants, animals, and people.
7. If evolution occurs then it is (divinely) directed evolution.
8. The Bible must be correct because it's been proven that Jesus existed -- the bible was right in that case!
9. If God used evolution to create us -- the pinnacle of evolution -- why did he take so long to get around to us?

1. Are you sure your answers are reasonable, right, and scientifically provable, or do you just believe that it may have happened the way you have answered? (Do these answers reflect your religion or your science?)
2. Do your answers show more or less faith than the person who says, "God must have designed it"?
3. Is it possible that an unseen Creator designed this universe? If God is excluded at the beginning of the discussion by your definition of science, how could it be shown that He did create the universe if He did?
4. Is it wise and fair to present the theory of evolution to students as fact?
5. What is the end result of a belief in evolution (lifestyle, society, attitude about others, eternal destiny, etc.)?
   • Do people accept evolution because of the following factors?
   • It is all they have been taught.
   • They like the freedom from God (no moral absolutes, etc.).
   • They are bound to support the theory for fear of losing their job or status or grade point average.
   • They are too proud to admit they are wrong.
6. Evolution is the only philosophy that can be used to justify their political agenda.
7. Vestigial organs aren't really vestigial
8. Should we continue to use outdated, disproved, questionable, or inconclusive evidences to support the theory of evolution because we don't have a suitable substitute (Piltdown man, recapitulation, archaeopteryx, Lucy, Java man, Neanderthal man, horse evolution, vestigial organs, etc.)?
9. Should parents be allowed to require that evolution not be taught as fact in their school system unless equal time is given to other theories of origins (like divine creation)?
10. What are you risking if you are wrong? As one of my debate opponents said, "Either there is a God or there is not. Both possibilities are frightening."
11. Why are many evolutionists afraid of the idea of creationism being presented in public schools? If we are not supposed to teach religion in schools, then why not get evolution out of the textbooks? It is just a religious worldview.
12. Aren't you tired of faith in a system that cannot be true? Wouldn't it be great to know the God who made you, and to accept His love and forgiveness?
13. Would you be interested, if I showed you from the Bible, how to have your sins forgiven and how to know for sure that you are going to Heaven? If so, call me.
14. Evolutionary theory is responsible for (the Holocaust, communism, capitalism, juvenile delinquency, general immorality, imperialism, racism, atheism, behaviourism, militarism, libertinism, anarchism, promiscuity, pornography, perversion, existentialism, animalism, ethical relativism, New Coke, Barry Manilow, and the Designated Hitter Rule)

The problem with religion is that not only is it based on scriptures, themselves based on an outdated & non-technological view of the world, but it is founded on absolutely no validatable evidence whatsoever. Ultimately the so-called "evidence" for Intelligent Design or creation religion is based on authority (that their scriptures are the absolute truth, the divinely inspired word of their god), miracle and appeal to the supernatural.

Unlike the questions creationists reserve for us (the ones they continuously, & wrongly, claim we can't answer) the, all too often, godless heathens, we DO have some that creationists and fundamentalists can't answer without resorting to faith & scripture as "evidence". Because such scriptures, faith and personal experience alone are non-verifiable and inadmissible as scientific evidence we can point to the fact that their religious views is that they cannot be counted as any form of science.

The following are a list of questions that, to my knowledge, have not been answered in any way satisfactorily by creationists or fundamentalists. Please feel free to use these to challenge your creationist opponents.

Note: If any individual should answer one of these questions to my satisfaction or the satisfaction of others involved and wholly committed to a science-based world-view (i.e. using science and without resorting to faith, scripture or any other kind of non-validatable evidence) I, as editor of UK Atheist, undertake to REMOVE that question from the lists below and to post in a prominent location on the website a article detailing that question and the answer that defeated it!

1. Please outline in clear and concise terms your theory of the world & universe creation. In doing so please provide evidence to support your theory and demonstrate that all major aspects of this theory are observable, reproducible and falsifiable. Please give details of what it would it take to prove to you that your theory was wrong?

2. Please provided full justification as to how creationism can be considered science weighed against the following legally established criteria for a science:
   1. It is guided by natural law;
   2. It has to be explanatory by reference to nature law;
   3. It is testable against the empirical world;
   4. Its conclusions are tentative, i.e. are not necessarily the final word; and
   5. Its is falsifiable.

3. If all life was divinely created please explain why there are hundreds of designs of eye, hundreds of designs of ear, thousands of designs of limb and digestive system none of which are precisely as good as the perfect designer would have created had such a deity done so?

1. Please give design and construction details concerning Noah's ark. In doing so you should explain how Noah's ark:
   1. Could accommodate either two or seven of each animal that walks, crawls etc. etc. ... include details as to how Noah managed to capture and load this many animals, how he stored them, where all the food was kept, what happened to the animal waste products.
   2. Was approx. 425 feet long, built of wood and able to maintain its integral structure on both land (where it was built) and Sea. Justify how a ship of that size actually floated at all considering that it is well-beyond the structural integrity of ANY kind of wood to survive such stress.
   3. Could be constructed in the time intimated considering that it would take hundreds of men a year or more to build a ship of that size in a sophisticated shipbuilding yard and yet it was built ONLY by Noah and the other 7 members of his family?
   4. Was able, considering it's construction, to withstand 17 months at sea 40 days of which were in a storm the ferocity of which had never been seen on the Earth before and never would again.
   5. Was protected against the sea when pitch, the standard method of protecting a ship of that "type" requires petroleum as a component but petroleum had not been discovered at the claimed time of the Noahic flood.

2. With regards to the Noahic flood please explain:
   1. How the plants survived the flood?
   2. How Noah managed to provide each Koala bear with one kilogram of fresh Eucalyptus tree leaves per day (which provides all their water)?
   3. How Noah ensured that all species of animals were on the ark when, at any given time some significant numbers of animal species in the world WILL be hibernating?
   4. How Noah managed to provide fresh Nectar to the 320 species of humming bird that are known to exist?

3. The claim is made that that a huge Noahic flood, some 4.5 thousand years ago sorted the fossils in the fossil record into the order we find today. In light of this claim please explain how the flood managed to create fossils that are fossilised relative to their "level" in the fossil record and to a degree that takes billions of years. In doing so please note that calcification of fossils into stone can take many billions of years (the degree to which many of the older fossils are calcified).

4. The claim is made that that a huge Noahic flood, some 4.5 thousand years ago sorted the fossils in the fossil record into the order we find today. In light of this claim please explain how the flood managed to create fossils that are fossilised relative to their "level" in the fossil record and to a degree that takes billions of years. In doing so please note that calcification of fossils into stone can take many billions of years (the degree to which many of the older fossils are calcified).

5. There is documented and physical evidence that huge insects once existed on this Earth and, if the creationist claim is true, they existed (as did dinosaurs) side by side with mankind. In light of the simple biological engineering consideration that humans were "designed" to operate in atmospheres very different than those in which dragonflies with 6 foot wingspans were please explain how the two species or kinds managed to co-exist.

6. Please explain the following cosmological phenomena:
   1. If all the stars in the heavens were created on the third day (Genesis) and the universe has only existed for 6 or 7,000 years why we do not see new stars appearing every day?
   2. Why evidence derived from the observed universe indicates that distant galaxies are all moving away from us and why the more distant galaxies are moving away more rapidly?
   3. Why we can see light from celestial objects (e.g. stars and galaxies) that are greater and than 10,000 light years away if the universe was created less than 10,000 years ago.
   4. Please explain why evidence such as the expanding universe, the microwave background temperature of just under 3 Kelvin, Quantum Mechanics, ratios of Hydrogen to Helium and Einstein's Special & General Theories of Relativity all support the concept of an expanding universe approximately 15 billion years old.
   Please support your claims with evidence from the Bible.